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Matches 1,901 to 1,950 of 7,964

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1901 Døde som Jubellærer. Daae, Iver Munthe (I39570)
 
1902 døde ugift Brügger, Kristoffer Konrad (I39620)
 
1903 døde ugift i Åmlid Grøn, Ludvig Christopher (I39704)
 
1904 Døpt 1797, 20/2 (17/4 ?) Brügger, Karen Cathrine (I39495)
 
1905 Døpte 1796 i Lindås
Aprilis
Den 24de ............
Döbt: Lieutenant Herr Christian v. Brüggers og Frue Birgitha
Munthe Daae, Sön, N: Ludvig. T: Fendrik Gierhard
Daae,Residerende Capellan Herr Ole Berg, og Michäel
Brügger, Madame Kirstine Meyer, und Mad: Andrea Berg
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/11575/64
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås: 1791-1813, Ministerialbok
Kronologisk liste
Folio 63

1796 i Lindås
Maijus
Den 16de introduc (etter fødsel?):
1. Herr Lieutenant Bryggers Frue
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/11575/65
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås: 1791-1813, Ministerialbok
Kronologisk liste 1796
Folio 64 		Brügger, Ludvig Michal (I39494)
 
1906 Døpte 1807 Lindås
Martinus
Den 30te (No) 1. Herr Capitain Christian Brügger, og Frue Birthe
Munthe Daae, Deres Datter, N: Anna Sophia Heiberg
T: Herr Fændrich Gerhard v: Daae, Haagne Ericksen Riisnæs, og
Erich Olsen Hosteland: Frue Martha Marie Daae, og Martha
Arnæs Dtr. Riisnæss.
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/11575/192
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås: 1791-1813, Ministerialbok
Kronologisk liste 1807 (188)
Folio 191 		Brügger, Anne Sophie Heiberg (I39501)
 
1907 Døpte 1827 Førde
No 18
Den opgivne FødselsDatum: 4 Nov
DaabsDatum: 12 Decb.
Barnets fulde Navn: Michael Sundt Tuchsen
Do (ægte)
Dets Forældres fulde Navn, borgerlige Stilling og Opholdsted: Hr Liutnant Chrisensen og Frue
Christensen født Fasting
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/11407/55
Skannede kirkebøker
Sogn og Fjordane
Førde: 1821-1842, Ministerialbok
Fødte og døpte 1827 (044)
Folio 53 		Christensen, Michael Sundt Tuchsen (I39629)
 
1908 Døpte 1829 Lindås
No. 22
Den opgivne Födsels Datum: 6de Marts
Daabs Datum: 29de Marts
Barnets fulde Navn: Johanne
Dets Forældres fulde Navn, borgerlige Stilling og Opholdsted: Gaardmand Ludvig Daae og Elisabeth Johnsdr. Risnæs
Kilde:
http://www.arkivverket.no/URN:kb_read
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås
Lindås: 1823-1836, Ministerialbok
Fødte og døpte kvinner 1829 (118)
Folio 120 		Daae, Johanne Ludvigsdatter (I39700)
 
1909 Døpte 1832 Lindås
No. 47
Den opgivne Födsels Datum: 21de Maii
Daabs Datum: 27de Maii
Barnets fulde Navn: Karen Andrea
Dets Forældres fulde Navn, borgerlige Stilling og Opholdsted: Ludvig Gerhardsson og Elisabet Jonsdr. Risnæs
Faddernes Navne: ..........
Kilde:
http://www.arkivverket.no/URN:kb_read
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås
Lindås: 1823-1836, Ministerialbok
Fødte og døpte kvinner 1832 (145)
Folio 149 		Daae, Karen Andrea Ludvigsdatter (I39701)
 
1910 Døpte i Korskirken 1770 September
No 30
d: 22de Friderich Wilhelm
föd d: 15de=ejus D: af Foræld:
Christian Friderich von
Tuchsen Premiær Lieut.
ved det 1ste Bergenh. Regim.
og Margarete Rye
Fadd: Frue JustitsRaad de
Fines,
Madame Jordan.
Obrist von Dietrichson,
Major Boyesen,
Mr. Arnoldus de Fine
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/8675/129
Skannede kirkebøker
Bergen
Korskirken: 1751-1789, Ministerialbok
Fødte og døpte 1770 (123) 		Tuchsen, Frederich Wilhelm (I39543)
 
1911 Døpte i Lindås 1775
d: 31 Maij Döbt Hr. Ludvig Daae S: Christen
Test: Hr. Tuchsen, Monsj. D: Heiberg, Jacob Lam-
pe Fru Brÿgger og Jomfr: Brÿgger
Kilde:
http://www.arkivverket.no/URN:kb_read
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås: 1764-1791, Ministerialbok
Kronologisk liste 1773 (078)
Folio 82 		Daae, Christen (I39573)
 
1912 Døpte i Lindås 1802
Aprill
Den 15de Introduc: Døbt:
Skiertorsdag ind Möching og Sannæs Sochum: 428
...................................................................
Herr Capitain Christian v: Brüggers, og S......
Birgitha Münthe Brüggers Daae, Sön, N: Hans Andreas,
T: Sergeant Michäel Brügger, Hayne Erichsen, og
Ole Rasmussen Riisnæs; Fru Majorinde Karen
Maria Brüggers, og Erich Hostelands Hustrue
Kari Olsdr
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/11575/130
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås: 1791-1813, Ministerialbok
Kronologisk liste 1802
Folio 129 		Brügger, Hans Andreas (I39486)
 
1913 Døpte Qvindekjön 1826 Lindås
No. 19
Den opgivne Födsels Datum: 15de Marts
Daabs Datum: 23de Marts
Barnets fulde Navn: Martha (Maria)
Do (ægte)
Dets Forældres fulde Navn, borgerlige Stilling og Opholdsted: Ludvig Gerhards: .... og Elisabet Johnsdr. Risnæs
Faddernes Navne: .................
Kilde:
http://www.arkivverket.no/URN:kb_read
Skannede kirkebøker
Hordaland
Lindås
Lindås: 1823-1836, Ministerialbok
Fødte og døpte kvinner 1826 (106)
Folio 107 		Daae, Martha Ludvigsdatter (I39699)
 
1914 E state of William Osgood, Sr. of Salisbury
Essex Probate Docket # 20288
In the name of God, Amen. I, William Osgood senr of the town of Salisbury in the county of Essex, in his majesty's Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, being weak of body, but through the goodness of God of sound, & disposing memory & understanding, Do make this my last Will & testament, in manner & form following,First and principally I commend my soul to God who gave it, & my body to the dust from whence it was taken, decently to be buried, with Christian burial, at the discretion of my Executors hereinafter named, in hopes of a joyful Resurrection to life eternal at the last day, through the perfect merits of Christ my Redeemer. Nextly, as for my worldly goods & Estate, after payment of all my just debts & funeral expenses, I dispose of as followeth vizt.
Imprimis - I give & bequeath unto my son William Osgood one hundred acres of my six score acre lot lying in the township of Salisbury above said, at a place commonly called "Round Hill", as also my dwelling house & land adjoining, or homestead, & my tide meadow lot & my lot of salt meadow lying near a place commonly called Munday's Pond, as also a full & complete half of all my other meadows, except that which is in a place in Salisbury commonly called the "higly piglys", during the term of his natural life, & unto the sons of the said Wm. Osgood my son in equal portion, To have & to hold to themselves their heirs or assigns forever. Also I give unto my said son William Osgood the one half of my grist mill with the privileges thereunto belonging during the term of his natural life.
Item - I give & bequeath unto my grandson John Osgood son of my said son John Osgood deceased, twenty acres of upland lying in the upper end of my six score acre lot, called "Round Hill" lot, on the condition that he leave a convenient high way, next unto land of Ensign William Allen for the use of those, who shall hereafter possess that other part of said six score acre lot by lawful derived title from me, or my heirs, as also that he pay or cause to be paid & delivered unto his sister Hannah Osgood or her order within the town of Salisbury in some good & merchantable pay at price current & merchantable the full & just sum of four pounds within one year next after my decease, which together with the above mentioned four pounds to be paid by his brother William, I give unto her for a Legacy.
Item - I give & bequeath unto grandson Thomas Quimby son of my daughter Elizabeth Quimby deceased (as a Legacy), forty shillings in good pay, to be disposed of for his use out of my part of the rent which shall be due to me from or out of the income of the fulling mill which Benjamin Eastman senr is about to build at the discretion of said Benj. Eastman.
Item - I give & bequeath unto my daughter Joanna wife of Robert Jones of Amesbury the one half of my fresh meadow lying in Salisbury at a place commonly called "bugs-mow", as also a lot of upland which I had by execution upon judgment in Court obtained against widow Mary Challis administratrix to the Estate of her once husband Philip Watson Challis deceased, lying in Amesbury, at a place commonly called "Thorn Hill".
Item - I give & bequeath unto my daughter in law Abigail now wife of my son William Osgood all my household goods of what sort kind soever they be.
Item - All the rest of my lands, meadows, goods & estate whatsoever, not herein before bequeathed, after my debts & funeral discharged as abovesaid,
I do give & bequeath unto my loving son-in-law, Thomas Currier senr of Amesbury, whom I make & appoint sole executor of this my last Will & testament to take care that it will be in all respects & particulars punctually observed and fulfilled. And hereby revoking all other wills by me heretofore made I William Osgood senr do subscribe, seal & acknowledge the contents of this instrument to be my last Will & testament this 15th day of March in the twelvth year of the reign of our sovereign Lord William the third, by the grace of God of England, Scotland &c., King, Anno Domini one thousand seven hundred.

William W O Osgood (L. S.) his mark & seal.

Signed & Published in the presence of

Thomas Morrill
Nathaniel Eastman X
Benjamin Eastman

Source: Probate Records of Essex County Dockett # 20288 		Osgood, William (I25502)
 
1915 Eadgils, Adils, Aðils, Adillus, Aðísl at Uppsölum, Athisl, Athislus or Adhel was a semi-legendary king of Sweden, who is estimated to have lived during the 6th century.

Beowulf and Old Norse sources present him as the son of Ohthere and as belonging to the ruling Yngling (Scylfing) dynasty. These sources also deal with his war against Onela, which he won with foreign assistance: in Beowulf he gained the throne of Sweden by defeating his uncle Onela with Geatish help, and in two Scandinavian sources (Skáldskaparmál and Skjöldunga saga), he is also helped to defeat Onela in the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern, but with Danish help. However, Scandinavian sources mostly deal with his interaction with the legendary Danish king Hrólfr Kraki (Hroðulf), and Eadgils is mostly presented in a negative light as a rich and greedy king. Snorri Sturluson, who documented many of the Scandinavian traditions, reported that the Swedes called him a "great king".

Name
The Norse forms are based an older (Proto-Norse) *Aþagīslaz (where *aþa is short for *aþala meaning "noble, foremost" (German 'adel') and *gīslaz means "arrow shaft"[2]). However, the Anglo-Saxon form is not etymologically identical. The A-S form would have been *Ædgils, but Eadgils (Proto-Norse *Auða-gīslaz, *auða- meaning "wealth") was the only corresponding name used by the Anglo-Saxons. The name Aðils was so exceedingly rare even in Scandinavia that among almost 6000 Scandinavian runic inscriptions, it is only attested in three runestones (U 35, DR 221 and Br Olsen;215).

Beowulf
The Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf, composed sometime between the 8th century and the 11th century, is (beside the Norwegian skaldic poem Ynglingatal from the 9th century) the oldest source that mentions Eadgils.

The text of Beowulf implies that the Swedish king Ohthere died and that his younger brother Onela succeeded him, because Ohthere's two sons, Eadgils and Eanmund had to seek refuge with Heardred, Hygelac's son and successor as king of the Geats. This caused Onela to attack the Geats, and Heardred was killed. Onela returned home and Beowulf succeeded Heardred as the king of Geatland. In the following lines, Onela is referred to as the Scylfings' helmet and the son of Ongenþeow, whereas Eadgils and Eanmund are referred to as the sons of Ohtere:

...Hyne wræc-mæcgas
ofer sæ sohtan, suna Ohteres:
hæfdon hy forhealden helm Scylfinga,
þone selestan sæ-cyninga,
þara þe in Swio-rice sinc brytnade,
mærne þeoden. Him þæt to mearce wearð;
he þær orfeorme feorh-wunde hleat
sweordes swengum, sunu Hygelaces;
and him eft gewat Ongenþiowes bearn
hames niosan, syððan Heardred læg;
let þone brego-stol Biowulf healdan,
Geatum wealdan: þæt wæs god cyning.
...Wandering exiles
sought him o'er seas, the sons of Ohtere,
who had spurned the sway of the Scylfings'-helmet,
the bravest and best that broke the rings,
in Swedish land, of the sea-kings' line,
haughty hero. Hence Heardred's end.
For shelter he gave them, sword-death came,
the blade's fell blow, to bairn of Hygelac;
but the son of Ongentheow sought again
house and home when Heardred fell,
leaving Beowulf lord of Geats
and gift-seat's master. – A good king he!
Later in the poem, it tells that during the battle, Eadgils' brother Eanmund was killed by Onela's champion Weohstan, Wiglaf's father. In the following lines, Eanmund also appears as the son of Ohtere and as a brother's child:

...hond rond gefeng,
geolwe linde, gomel swyrd geteah,
þæt wæs mid eldum Eanmundes laf,
suna Ohteres, þam æt sæcce wearð
wracu wine-leasum Weohstanes bana
meces ecgum, and his magum ætbær
brun-fagne helm, hringde byrnan,
eald sweord eotonisc, þæt him Onela forgeaf,
his gædelinges guð-gewædu,
fyrd-searo fuslic: no ymbe þa fæhðe spræc,
þeah þe he his broðor bearn abredwade.
...The linden yellow,
his shield, he seized; the old sword he drew: --
as heirloom of Eanmund earth-dwellers knew it,
who was slain by the sword-edge, son of Ohtere,
friendless exile, erst in fray
killed by Weohstan, who won for his kin
brown-bright helmet, breastplate ringed,
old sword of Eotens, Onela's gift,
weeds of war of the warrior-thane,
battle-gear brave: though a brother's child
had been felled, the feud was unfelt by Onela.
Eadgils, however, survived and later, Beowulf helped Eadgils with weapons and warriors. Eadgils won the war and killed his uncle Onela. In the following lines, Eadgils is mentioned by name and as the son of Ohtere, whereas Onela is referred to as the king:

Se þæs leod-hryres lean gemunde
uferan dogrum, Eadgilse wearð
fea-sceaftum feond. Folce gestepte
ofer sæ side sunu Ohteres
wigum and wæpnum: he gewræc syððan
cealdum cear-siðum, cyning ealdre bineat.[9]
The fall of his lord he was fain to requite
in after days; and to Eadgils he proved
friend to the friendless, and forces sent
over the sea to the son of Ohtere,
weapons and warriors: well repaid he
those care-paths cold[10] when the king he slew.
This event also appears in the Scandinavian sources Skáldskaparmál and Skjöldunga saga – see below.

Norwegian and Icelandic sources
The allusive manner in which Eadgils and his relatives are referred to in Beowulf suggests that the scop expected his audience to have sufficient background knowledge about Eadgils, Ohthere and Eanmund to understand the references. Likewise, in the roughly contemporary Norwegian Ynglingatal, Eadgils (Aðils) is called Onela's enemy (Ála[11] dólgr), which likewise suggests that the conflict was familiar to the skald and his audience.

The tradition of Eadgils and Onela resurfaces in several Old Norse works in prose and poetry, and another matter also appears: the animosity between Eadgils and Hrólfr Kraki, who corresponds to Hroðulf in Beowulf.

Ynglingatal
The skaldic poem Ynglingatal is a poetic recital of the line of the Yngling clan. They are also called Skilfingar in the poem (in stanza 19), a name that appears in its Anglo-Saxon form Scylfingas in Beowulf when referring to Eadgils' clan. It is presented as composed by Þjóðólfr of Hvinir by Snorri Sturluson in the Ynglinga saga.

Although its age has been debated, most scholars hold to date from the 9th century. It survives in two versions: one is found in the Norwegian historical work Historia Norvegiæ in Latin, and the other one in Snorri Sturluson's Ynglinga saga, a part of his Heimskringla. It presents Aðils (Eadgils) as the successor of Óttarr (Ohthere) and the predecessor of Eysteinn. The stanza on Aðils refers to his accidental death when he fell from his horse:

Þat frá ek enn,
at Aðils fjörvi
vitta vettr
um viða skyldi,
ok dáðgjarn
af drasils bógum
Freys áttungr
falla skyldi.
Ok við aur
œgir hjarna
bragnings burs
um blandinn varð;
ok dáðsæll
deyja skyldi
Ála dólgr
at Uppsölum.
Witch-demons, I have heard men say,
Have taken Adils' life away.
The son of kings of Frey's great race,
First in the fray, the fight, the chase,
Fell from his steed – his clotted brains
Lie mixed with mire on Upsal's plains.
Such death (grim Fate has willed it so)
Has struck down Ole's [Onela's] deadly foe.
Note that Eadgils' animosity with Onela also appears in Ynglingatal as Aðils is referred to as Ole's deadly foe (Ála dólgr). This animosity is treated in more detail in the Skjöldunga saga and Skáldskaparmál, which follow.

The Historia Norwegiæ, which is a terse summary in Latin of Ynglingatal, only states that Eadgils fell from his horse and died during the sacrifices. In this Latin translation, the Dísir are rendered as the Roman goddess Diana:

Cujus filius Adils vel Athisl ante ædem Dianæ, dum idolorum, sacrificia fugeret, equo lapsus exspiravit. Hic genuit Eustein, [ ... ]

His son Adils gave up the ghost after falling from his horse before the temple of Diana, while he was performing the sacrifices made to idols. He became sire to Øystein, [ ... ]

The same information is found the Swedish Chronicle from the mid-15th century, which calls him Adhel. It is probably based on the Ynglingatal tradition and says that he fell from his horse and died while he worshipped his god.

Íslendingabók
In Íslendingabók from the early 12th century, Eadgils only appears as a name in the listing of the kings of the Yngling dynasty as Aðísl at Uppsala. The reason what that the author, Ari Þorgilsson, traced his ancestry from Eadgils, and its line of succession is the same as that of Ynglingatal.

i Yngvi Tyrkjakonungr. ii Njörðr Svíakonungr. iii Freyr. iiii Fjölnir. sá er dó at Friðfróða. v Svegðir. vi Vanlandi. vii Visburr. viii Dómaldr. ix Dómarr. x Dyggvi. xi Dagr. xii Alrekr. xiii Agni. xiiii Yngvi. xv Jörundr. xvi Aun inn gamli. xvii Egill Vendilkráka. xviii Óttarr. xix Aðísl at Uppsölum. xx Eysteinn. xxi Yngvarr. xxii Braut-Önundr. xxiii Ingjaldr inn illráði. xxiiii Óláfr trételgja...
As can be seen it agrees with the earlier Ynglingatal and Beowulf in presenting Eadgils as the successor of Óttarr (Ohthere).

Skjöldunga saga
The Skjöldunga saga was a Norse saga which is believed to have been written in the period 1180–1200. The original version is lost, but it survives in a Latin summary by Arngrímur Jónsson. Arngrímur's summary relates that Eadgils, called Adillus, married Yrsa with whom he had the daughter Scullda. Some years later, the Danish king Helgo (Halga) attacked Sweden and captured Yrsa, not knowing that she was his own daughter, the result of Helgo raping Olava, the queen of the Saxons. Helgo raped Yrsa as well and took her back to Denmark, where she bore the son Rolfo (Hroðulf). After a few years, Yrsa's mother, queen Olava, came to visit her and told her that Helgo was her own father. In horror, Yrsa returned to Adillus, leaving her son behind. Helgo died when Rolfo was eight years old, and Rolfo succeeded him, and ruled together with his uncle Roas (Hroðgar). Not much later, Roas was killed by his half-brothers Rærecus and Frodo, whereupon Rolfo became the sole king of Denmark.

In Sweden, Yrsa and Adillus married Scullda to the king of Öland, Hiørvardus/Hiorvardus/Hevardus (Heoroweard). As her half-brother Rolfo was not consulted about this marriage, he was infuriated and he attacked Öland and made Hiørvardus and his kingdom tributary to Denmark.

After some time, there was animosity between king Adillus of Sweden and the Norwegian king Ale of Oppland. They decided to fight on the ice of Lake Vänern. Adillus won and took his helmet, chainmail and horse. Adillus won because he had requested Rolfo's aid against king Ale and Rolfo had sent him his berserkers. However, Adillus refused to pay the expected tribute for the help and so Rolfo came to Uppsala to claim his recompense. After surviving some traps, Rolfo fled with Adillus' gold, helped by his mother Yrsa. Seeing that the Swedish king and his men pursued him, Rolfo "sowed" the gold on the Fyrisvellir, so that the king's men would pick up the gold, instead of continuing the pursuit.

As can be seen, the Skjöldunga saga retells the story of Eadgils fighting his uncle Onela, but in this version Onela is no longer Eadgils' uncle, but a Norwegian king of Oppland. This change is generally considered to be a late confusion between the core province of the Swedes, Uppland, and its Norwegian namesake Oppland. Whereas, Beowulf leaves the Danish court with the suspicion that Hroðulf (Rolfo Krage, Hrólfr Kraki) might claim the Danish throne for himself at the death of Hroðgar (Roas, Hróarr), it is exactly what he does in Scandinavian tradition. A notable difference is that, in Beowulf, Eadgils receives the help of the Geatish king Beowulf against Onela, whereas it is the Danish king Hroðulf who provides help in Scandinavian tradition.

Skáldskaparmál
Skáldskaparmál was written by Snorri Sturluson, c. 1220, in order to teach the ancient art of kennings to aspiring skalds. It presents Eadgils, called Aðils, in two sections.

The first section is the Kálfsvísa of which Snorri quotes small parts:

Ali Hrafni,
es til íss riðu,
en annarr austr
und Aðilsi
grár hvarfaði,
geiri undaðr.[20]
Áli rode Hrafn,
They who rode onto the ice:
But another, southward,
Under Adils,
A gray one, wandered,
Wounded with the spear.
This is a reference to the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern, during which Eadgils slew Onela and which also appears in the Skjöldunga saga. There is also second stanza, where Eadgils is riding his horse Slöngvir, apparently a combination famous enough to be mentioned.

Björn reið Blakki,
en Bíarr Kerti,
Atli Glaumi,
en Aðils Sløngvi,
Högni Hölkvi,
en Haraldr Fölkvi,
Gunnarr Gota,
en Grana Sigurðr.[20]
Björn rode Blakkr,
And Bjárr rode Kertr;
Atli rode Glaumr,
And Adils on Slöngvir;
Högni on Hölvir,
And Haraldr on Fölkvir;
Gunnarr rode Goti,
And Sigurdr, Grani.
Eadgils' horse Slöngvir also appears in Snorri's later work, the Ynglinga saga.

Snorri also presents the story of Aðils and Hrólfr Kraki (Hroðulf) in order to explain why gold was known by the kenning Kraki's seed. Snorri relates that Aðils was in war with a Norwegian king named Áli (Onela), and they fought in the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern. Aðils was married to Yrsa, the mother of Hrólfr and so sent an embassy to Hrólfr asking him for help against Áli. He would receive three valuable gifts in recompense. Hrólfr was involved in a war against the Saxons and could not come in person but sent his twelve berserkers, including Böðvarr Bjarki. Áli died in the war, and Aðils took Áli's helmet Battle-boar and his horse Raven. The berserkers demanded three pounds of gold each in pay, and they demanded to choose the gifts that Aðils had promised Hrólfr, that is the two pieces of armour that nothing could pierce: the helmet battle-boar and the mailcoat Finn's heritage. They also wanted the famous ring Svíagris. Aðils considered the pay outrageous and refused.

When Hrólfr heard that Aðils refused to pay, he set off to Uppsala. They brought the ships to the river Fyris and rode directly to the Swedish king's hall at Uppsala with his twelve berserkers. Yrsa welcomed them and led them to their lodgings. Fires were prepared for them and they were given drinks. However, so much wood was heaped on the fires that the clothes started to burn away from their clothes. Hrólfr and his men had enough and threw the courtiers on the fire. Yrsa arrived and gave them a horn full of gold, the ring Svíagris and asked them to flee. As they rode over the Fyrisvellir, they saw Aðils and his men pursuing them. The fleeing men threw the gold on the plain so that the pursuers would stop to collect it. Aðils, however, continued the chase on his horse Slöngvir. Hrólfr then threw Svíagris and saw how Aðils stooped down to pick up the ring with his spear. Hrólfr exclaimed that he had seen the mightiest man in Sweden bend his back.

Ynglinga saga
The Ynglinga saga was written c. 1225 by Snorri Sturluson and he used Skjöldunga saga as a source when he told the story of Aðils. Snorri relates that Aðils succeeded his father Óttar (Ohthere) and betook himself to pillage the Saxons, whose king was Geirþjófr and queen Alof the Great. The king and consort were not at home, and so Aðils and his men plundered their residence at ease driving cattle and captives down to the ships. One of the captives was a remarkably beautiful girl named Yrsa, and Snorri writes that everyone was soon impressed with the well-mannered, pretty and intelligent girl. Most impressed was Aðils who made her his queen.

Some years later, Helgi (Halga), who ruled in Lejre, attacked Sweden and captured Yrsa. As he did not know that Yrsa was his own daughter, he raped her, and took her back to Lejre, where she bore him the son Hrólfr kraki. When the boy was three years of age, Yrsa's mother, queen Alof of Saxony, came to visit her and told her that her husband Helgi was her own father. Horrified, Yrsa returned to Aðils, leaving her son behind, and stayed in Sweden for the rest of her life. When Hrólfr was eight years old, Helgi died during a war expedition and Hrólfr was proclaimed king.

Aðils waged a war against king Áli (Onela of Oppland), and they fought in the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern. Áli died in this battle. Snorri writes that there was a long account of this battle in the Skjöldunga Saga, which also contained an account of how Hrólf came to Uppsala and sowed gold on the Fyrisvellir.

Snorri also relates that Aðils loved good horses and had the best horses in his days (the contemporary Gothic scholar Jordanes noted that the Swedes were famed for their good horses). One horse was named Slöngvi and another one Raven, which he had taken from Áli. From this horse he had bred a horse also named Raven which he sent to king Godgest of Hålogaland, but Godgest could not manage it and fell from it and died, in Omd on the island of Andøya. Aðils himself died in a similar way at the Dísablót. Aðils was riding around the Disa shrine when Raven stumbled and fell, and the king was thrown forward and hit his skull on a stone. The Swedes called him a great king and buried him at Uppsala. He was succeeded by Eysteinn.

Hrólfr Kraki's saga
Hrólfr Kraki's saga is believed to have been written in the period c. 1230 – c. 1450.[23] Helgi and Yrsa lived happily together as husband and wife, not knowing that Yrsa was Helgi's daughter. Yrsa's mother queen Oluf travelled to Denmark to tell her daughter the truth. Yrsa was shocked and although Helgi wanted their relationship to remain as it was, Yrsa insisted on leaving him to live alone. She was later taken by the Swedish king Aðils as his queen, which made Helgi even more unhappy. Helgi went to Uppsala to fetch her, but was killed by Aðils in battle. In Lejre, he was succeeded by his son Hrólfr Kraki.

After some time, Böðvarr Bjarki encouraged Hrólfr to go Uppsala to claim the gold that Aðils had taken from Helgi after the battle. Hrólfr departed with 120 men and his twelve berserkers and during a rest they were tested by a farmer called Hrani (Odin in disguise) who advised Hrólfr to send back all his troops but his twelve berserkers, as numbers would not help him against Aðils.

They were at first well received, but in his hall, Aðils did his best to stop Hrólfr with pit traps and hidden warriors who attacked the Danes. Finally Aðils entertained them but put them to a test where they had to endure immense heat by a fire. Hrólfr and his berserkers finally had enough and threw the courtiers, who were feeding the fire, into the fire and leapt at Aðils. The Swedish king disappeared through a hollow tree trunk that stood in his hall.

Yrsa admonished Aðils for wanting to kill her son, and went to meet the Danes. She gave them a man named Vöggr to entertain them. This Vöggr remarked that Hrólfr had the thin face of a pole ladder, a Kraki. Happy with his new cognomen Hrólfr gave Vöggr a golden ring, and Vöggr swore to avenge Hrólfr if anyone should kill him. Hrólfr and his company were then attacked by a troll in the shape of a boar in the service of Aðils, but Hrólfr's dog Gram killed it.

They then found out that Aðils had set the hall on fire, and so they broke out of the hall, only to find themselves surrounded by heavily armed warriors in the street. After a fight, king Aðils retreated to summon reinforcements.

Yrsa then provided her son with a silver drinking horn filled with gold and jewels and a famous ring, Svíagris. Then she gave Hrólf and his men twelve of the Swedish king's best horses, and all the armour and provisions they needed.

Hrólfr took a fond farewell of his mother and departed over the Fyrisvellir. When they saw Aðils and his warriors in pursuit, they spread the gold behind themselves. Aðils saw his precious Svíagris on the ground and stooped to pick it up with his spear, whereupon Hrólf cut his back with his sword and screamed in triumph that he had bent the back of the most powerful man in Sweden.

Danish sources
Chronicon Lethrense and Annales Lundenses
The Chronicon Lethrense (and the included Annales Lundenses) tell that when the Danish kings Helghe (Halga) and Ro (Hroðgar) were dead, the Swedish king Hakon/Athisl[24] forced the Daner to accept a dog as king. The dog king was succeeded by Rolf Krage (Hrólfr Kraki).

Gesta Danorum
The Gesta Danorum (book 2), by Saxo Grammaticus, tells that Helgo (Halga) repelled a Swedish invasion, killed the Swedish king Hothbrodd, and made the Swedes pay tribute. However, he committed suicide due to shame for his incestuous relationship with Urse (Yrsa), and his son Roluo (Hrólfr Kraki) succeeded him.

The new king of Sweden, Athislus, thought that the tribute to the Daner might be smaller if he married the Danish king's mother and so took Urse for a queen. However, after some time, Urse was so upset with the Swedish king's greediness that she thought out a ruse to run away from the king and at the same time liberate him of his wealth. She incited Athislus to rebel against Roluo, and arranged so that Roluo would be invited and promised a wealth in gifts.

At the banquet Roluo was at first not recognised by his mother, but when their fondness was commented on by Athisl, the Swedish king and Roluo made a wager where Roluo would prove his endurance. Roluo was placed in front of a fire that exposed him to such heat that finally a maiden could suffer the sight no more and extinguished the fire. Roluo was greatly recompensed by Athisl for his endurance.

When the banquet had lasted for three days, Urse and Roluo escaped from Uppsala, early in the morning in carriages where they had put all the Swedish king's treasure. In order to lessen their burden, and to occupy any pursuing warriors they spread gold in their path (later in the work, this is referred to as "sowing the Fyrisvellir"), although there was a rumour that she only spread gilded copper. When Athislus, who was pursuing the escapers saw that a precious ring was lying on the ground, he bent down to pick it up. Roluo was pleased to see the king of Sweden bent down, and escaped in the ships with his mother.

Roluo later defeated Athislus and gave Sweden to young man named Hiartuar (Heoroweard), who also married Roluo's sister Skulde. When Athislus learnt that Hiartuar and Skulde had killed Roluo, he celebrated the occasion, but he drank so much that he killed himself.

Archaeology
According to Snorri Sturluson, Eadgils was buried in one of the royal mounds of Gamla Uppsala. Birger Nerman suggested that he was buried in the Western mound (also known as Thor's mound) at Gamla Uppsala. An excavation in this mound showed that a man was buried there c. 575 on a bear skin with two dogs and rich grave offerings. There were luxurious weapons and other objects, both domestic and imported, show that the buried man was very powerful. These remains include a Frankish sword adorned with gold and garnets and a board game with Roman pawns of ivory. He was dressed in a costly suit made of Frankish cloth with golden threads, and he wore a belt with a costly buckle. There were four cameos from the Middle East which were probably part of a casket. The finds show the distant contacts of the House of Yngling in the 6th century.

Snorri's account that Adils had the best horses of his days, and Jordanes' account that the Swedes of the 6th century were famed for their horses find support in archaeology. This time was the beginning of the Vendel Age, a time characterised by the appearance of stirrups and a powerful mounted warrior elite in Sweden, which rich graves in for instance Valsgärde and Vendel. 		at Uppsala, Eadgils (I36939)
 
1916 Early Adventurers on The Western Waters, Mary B.Kegley
Volume III, part 1, page 312 (sketch of the Muse family which mentions lawsuit of Richard Muse against estate of his only brother, Thomas Muse. One deposition states that Richard and Thomas had half brothers John Chattan and Cornelius Deforest, and 2 half sisters, Betsy Deforest, wife of Daniel Lockett, and Louise Deforesst, wife of Willam Lockett.)
....William Locket may have been the same one who established Lockett's Chapel in Wayne County, KY, about 1800. A descendant stated that he married a DeForest and they had come fromVirginia. There was also a family story that the DeForest woman had been married before to a man (perhaps named Pepper) who made an extended trip to Europe. After a dozen years of silence he was presumed to be deceased. However, he did return and made a triip from Virginia to Wayne County to see if the Locketts were happy and if they were taking care of his daughter. When he learned that they were happy, he generously left the community without seeing his wife. Sometime later, she learned of his visit, but decided after much prayer and soul searching that her life was with Lockett, as they had children of their own (Johnson "A Century of Wayne County, p. 76-78). It is interesting to note that William Lockett's marriage to Louisa Butler appears in 1798 in Wythe County Marriage Book 1. Perhaps it was Butler who made the trip to Europe. The will of Cornelius Deforest appears in York County, Virginia in 1782 (information from James C. Spraker)
We do know that Archibland, brother of William Lockett, appointed his brother then living in Wayne Co., KY, as attorney in fact to claim his part of the estate of their deceased father, Richard Lockett in Bedford County VA....... " 		Lockett, William (I20286)
 
1917 Early Child Support
"Goochland County Virginia Order Book 4 (microfilm), Dallas Public Library, John Utley Wade was the bastard son of Angelica Wade by John Utley, III (Goochland County, Virginia, Order Book 4, pages 452 and 527). February Court, 1739, Wade vs. Utley, page 452, Angelica Wade comes into Court and makes Oath that John Utley, junr. is the Father of a Male Child named John, Born of her body whereupon it is Ordered that a Capias (an order to arrest) do issue agst the said John Utley returnable to the next Court (February Court, 1739) March Court, 1740, Wade vs. Utley, page 527 On the complaint of Angelica Wade against John Utley, Junr. for getting a bastard child on her body the said Angelica having made Oath to the same it is Ordered that the said John do give Security to save the Parish of St. James harmless from the maintenance of said Child and that he pay Costs (1739) (hereafter cited as Virginia, Goochland Order Book 4)." 		Wade, Angelica (I3006)
 
1918 Early KY newspaper: "KY Gazette, 18 July, 1798 - "Benjamin Gilbert had lately arrived from MD with a small family and was seeking employment as a miller which vocation he had followed in MD for several years. Gilbert, Benjamin Mashfield (I28521)
 
1919 Early Marriages in Ohio Co., WVa Court House Moses Chapline, Clerk, His recoord Book. Ohio Co., Virginia, 1793 by M. Burns.

These marriages appear to have been by Presbyterian circuit riders serving congregations in Washington and Fayette Counties, Pennsylvania.

5/23/1791 Abraham T Echoles and Sarah Stroop. 		Echols, Abraham (I17187)
 
1920 Early Tax Lists of Tennessee. Microfilm, 12 rolls. The Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tennessee. Source (S757)
 
1921 Early Tax Lists of Tennessee. Microfilm, 12 rolls. The Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tennessee. Source (S757)
 
1922 Early Tax Lists of Tennessee. Microfilm, 12 rolls. The Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tennessee. Source (S757)
 
1923 Early Tax Lists of Tennessee. Microfilm, 12 rolls. The Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tennessee. Source (S757)
 
1924 Early Tax Lists of Tennessee. Microfilm, 12 rolls. The Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tennessee. Source (S757)
 
1925 Ebenezer Sawyer Rice b. 1792 Middlefield (not proven), married 15 Feb. 1820 probably Middlefield, Otsego Co., NY (not proven), Caroline White (all conjecture).
Ebenezer may be the son of Daniel Rice who died sometime between 1814-1827 in Middlefield, Otsego Co.
Ebenezer and Caroline supposed to have had: Elwin White Rice and Oscar Derobaque Rice. 		Rice, Ebenezer Sawyer (I7147)
 
1926 ECHOLS / FACKLER CEMETERY, Pittslyvania County, VA 2005
************************************************************************

Copyright. All rights reserved.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm
Submitted by: Mike McNeeley

************************************************************************
LOCATED, on rt. 703( THE IRISH ROAD), west,off
rt.29, at Tightsqueeze va., go past Chatham High School, about 2 miles. about 1/4 mile past the Concord Methodist Church, on left. cemetery is about 200' off rd., beside old 2 story house. this house is next door to the home of Mr.
edward and Clara Shelton, 681 Irish Rd. the current land owners. this land was once owned by Benjamin Riddle and Nancy Giles Riddle( my gggg-grandparents). I feel very certain that my ggg-grandparents are buried here or directly across the road. my ggg-grandfather was , Jesse McNeely, b.abt.1800 - d.1837, his wife was, Francis (fannie) Riddle McNeely, ( daughter of Benjamin and Nancy Riddle), b. abt. 1794 - d.jan.1823(at child-birth). also, i believe that Benjamin and Nancy Riddle are buried here too. their son, Rueben Riddle also. for they all were living here at the time of their deaths. the farm was sold to a mr. Anthony after Rueben died. Anthony was a minister at the OLD BANNISTER RIVER BAPTIST CH., which was about was about 1/2 mile farther down the rd., just past the river, on north side of road.

these are the only marked graves i could find in the cemetery; (not kept up, but i plan to clean it up)

1/ david echols, b.1/27/1776 - d. 2/18/1854
2/ dinah echols, (wife of david echols), b.1/11/1784 - d. 5/12/1848
3/ abram fackler, b.1826 - d.1904
4/ abigal g. fackler, died,1902
5/ jackson hall, b.1891 - d.1891
6/ nannie hall, b.1866 - d.1891
7/ henry fackler, b.1867 - d.1880
8/ harriett s. fackler, b.1842 - d.1871
9/ samuel fackler, infant
10/ robert fackler, infant
 		Scates, Harriet Frances (I5039)
 
1927 ECHOLS / FACKLER CEMETERY, Pittslyvania County, VA 2005
************************************************************************
Copyright. All rights reserved.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm
Submitted by: Mike McNeeley
************************************************************************
LOCATED, on rt. 703( THE IRISH ROAD), west, off rt.29, at Tightsqueeze va, go past Chatham High School about 2 miles. About 1/4 mile past the Concord Methodist Church on left. cemetery is about 200' off road beside old 2 story house. This house is next door to the home of Mr
Edward and Clara Shelton, 681 Irish Rd, the current land owners. This land was once owned by Benjamin Riddle and Nancy Giles Riddle( my gggg-grandparents). I feel very certain that my ggg-grandparents are buried here or directly across the road. my ggg-grandfather was , Jesse McNeely, b abt 1800, d 1837. His wife was Francis (Fannie) Riddle McNeely (daughter of Benjamin and Nancy Riddle), b abt 1794, d Jan 1823 (at child-birth). I believe that Benjamin and Nancy Riddle and their son Rueben Riddle are buried here too. They all were living here at the time of their deaths. The farm was sold to a Mr Anthony after Rueben died. Anthony was a minister at the OLD BANNISTER RIVER BAPTIST CH, which was about was about 1/2 mile farther down the road, just past the river, on north side of road.

These are the only marked graves I could find in the cemetery;
1 David Echols, b 1/27/1776 d 2/18/1854
2 Dinah Echols, wife of David Echols, b 1/11/1784 d 5/12/1848
3 Abram fackler, 1826-1904
4 Abigal G Fackler, died 1902
5 Jackson hall, 1891-1891
6 Nannie Hall, 1866-1891
7 Henry Fackler, 1867-1880
8 Harriett S Fackler, 1842-1871
9 Samuel Fackler, infant
10 Robert Fackler, infant
 		Riddle, Benjamin (I16726)
 
1928 ECHOLS / FACKLER CEMETERY, Pittslyvania County, VA 2005
********************************************************
Copyright. All rights reserved.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm
Submitted by: Mike McNeeley
********************************************************
LOCATED, on rt. 703( THE IRISH ROAD), west, off rt.29, at Tightsqueeze va, go past Chatham High School about 2 miles. About 1/4 mile past the Concord Methodist Church on left. cemetery is about 200' off road beside old 2 story house. This house is next door to the home of Mr Edward and Clara Shelton, 681 Irish Rd, the current land owners. This land was once owned by Benjamin Riddle and Nancy Giles Riddle (my gggg-grandparents). I feel very certain that my ggg-grandparents are buried here or directly across the road. My ggg-grandfather was , Jesse McNeely, b abt 1800, d 1837. His wife was Francis (Fannie) Riddle McNeely (daughter of Benjamin and Nancy Riddle), b abt 1794, d Jan 1823 (at child-birth). I believe that Benjamin and Nancy Riddle and their son Rueben Riddle are buried here too. They all were living here at the time of their deaths. The farm was sold to a Mr Anthony after Rueben died. Anthony was a minister at the OLD BANNISTER RIVER BAPTIST CH, which was about was about 1/2 mile farther down the road, just past the river, on north side of road.

These are the only marked graves I could find in the cemetery;
1 David Echols, b 1/27/1776 d 2/18/1854
2 Dinah Echols, wife of David Echols, b 1/11/1784 d 5/12/1848
3 Abram Fackler, 1826-1904
4 Abigal G Fackler, died 1902
5 Jackson Hall, 1891-1891
6 Nannie Hall, 1866-1891
7 Henry Fackler, 1867-1880
8 Harriett S Fackler, 1842-1871
9 Samuel Fackler, infant
10 Robert Fackler, infant
******************************************************** 		Echols, David (I176)
 
1929 Echols / Fackler Cemetery, Pittslyvania County, VA 2005
*********************************************************
Copyright. All rights reserved.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm
Submitted by: Mike McNeeley
*********************************************************
LOCATED, on rt. 703( THE IRISH ROAD), west, off rt. 29, at Tightsqueeze VA. Go past Chatham High School about 2 miles. About 1/4 mile past the Concord Methodist Church, on left. Cemetery is about 200' off rd., beside old 2 story house. This house is next door to the home of Mr. Edward and Clara Shelton, 681 Irish Rd. the current land owners. This land was once owned by Benjamin Riddle and Nancy Giles Riddle( my gggg-grandparents). I feel very certain that my ggg-grandparents are buried here or directly across the road. my ggg-grandfather was , Jesse McNeely, b.abt.1800 - d.1837, his wife was, Francis (fannie) Riddle McNeely, ( daughter of Benjamin and Nancy Riddle), b. abt. 1794 - d.jan.1823(at child-birth). Also, i believe that Benjamin and Nancy Riddle are buried here too. their son, Rueben Riddle also. for they all were living here at the time of their deaths. the farm was sold to a Mr. Anthony after Rueben died. Anthony was a minister at the OLD BANNISTER RIVER BAPTIST CH., which was about was about 1/2 mile farther down the rd., just past the river, on north side of road.

these are the only marked graves i could find in the cemetery; (not kept up, but i plan to clean it up)

1/ david echols, b.1/27/1776 - d. 2/18/1854
2/ dinah echols, (wife of david echols), b.1/11/1784 - d. 5/12/1848
3/ abram fackler, b.1826 - d.1904
4/ abigal g. fackler, died,1902
5/ jackson hall, b.1891 - d.1891
6/ nannie hall, b.1866 - d.1891
7/ henry fackler, b.1867 - d.1880
8/ harriett s. fackler, b.1842 - d.1871
9/ samuel fackler, infant
10/ robert fackler, infant 		Fackler, Abram (I5057)
 
1930 ECHOLS / FACKLER CEMETERY, Pittslyvania County, VA 2005
********************************************************
Copyright. All rights reserved.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm
Submitted by: Mike McNeeley
********************************************************
LOCATED, on rt. 703( THE IRISH ROAD), west, off rt.29, at Tightsqueeze va, go past Chatham High School about 2 miles. About 1/4 mile past the Concord Methodist Church on left. cemetery is about 200' off road beside old 2 story house. This house is next door to the home of Mr Edward and Clara Shelton, 681 Irish Rd, the current land owners. This land was once owned by Benjamin Riddle and Nancy Giles Riddle (my gggg-grandparents). I feel very certain that my ggg-grandparents are buried here or directly across the road. My ggg-grandfather was , Jesse McNeely, b abt 1800, d 1837. His wife was Francis (Fannie) Riddle McNeely (daughter of Benjamin and Nancy Riddle), b abt 1794, d Jan 1823 (at child-birth). I believe that Benjamin and Nancy Riddle and their son Rueben Riddle are buried here too. They all were living here at the time of their deaths. The farm was sold to a Mr Anthony after Rueben died. Anthony was a minister at the OLD BANNISTER RIVER BAPTIST CH, which was about was about 1/2 mile farther down the road, just past the river, on north side of road.

These are the only marked graves I could find in the cemetery;
1 David Echols, b 1/27/1776 d 2/18/1854
2 Dinah Echols, wife of David Echols, b 1/11/1784 d 5/12/1848
3 Abram Fackler, 1826-1904
4 Abigal G Fackler, died 1902
5 Jackson Hall, 1891-1891
6 Nannie Hall, 1866-1891
7 Henry Fackler, 1867-1880
8 Harriett S Fackler, 1842-1871
9 Samuel Fackler, infant
10 Robert Fackler, infant
******************************************************** 		Riddle, Francis Fannie (I16724)
 
1931 ECHOLS / FACKLER CEMETERY, Pittslyvania County, VA 2005
********************************************************
Copyright. All rights reserved.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm
Submitted by: Mike McNeeley
********************************************************
LOCATED, on rt. 703( THE IRISH ROAD), west, off rt.29, at Tightsqueeze va, go past Chatham High School about 2 miles. About 1/4 mile past the Concord Methodist Church on left. cemetery is about 200' off road beside old 2 story house. This house is next door to the home of Mr Edward and Clara Shelton, 681 Irish Rd, the current land owners. This land was once owned by Benjamin Riddle and Nancy Giles Riddle (my gggg-grandparents). I feel very certain that my ggg-grandparents are buried here or directly across the road. My ggg-grandfather was , Jesse McNeely, b abt 1800, d 1837. His wife was Francis (Fannie) Riddle McNeely (daughter of Benjamin and Nancy Riddle), b abt 1794, d Jan 1823 (at child-birth). I believe that Benjamin and Nancy Riddle and their son Rueben Riddle are buried here too. They all were living here at the time of their deaths. The farm was sold to a Mr Anthony after Rueben died. Anthony was a minister at the OLD BANNISTER RIVER BAPTIST CH, which was about was about 1/2 mile farther down the road, just past the river, on north side of road.

These are the only marked graves I could find in the cemetery;
1 David Echols, b 1/27/1776 d 2/18/1854
2 Dinah Echols, wife of David Echols, b 1/11/1784 d 5/12/1848
3 Abram Fackler, 1826-1904
4 Abigal G Fackler, died 1902
5 Jackson Hall, 1891-1891
6 Nannie Hall, 1866-1891
7 Henry Fackler, 1867-1880
8 Harriett S Fackler, 1842-1871
9 Samuel Fackler, infant
10 Robert Fackler, infant
******************************************************** 		McNeely, Jesse (I16741)
 
1932 ECHOLS Abraham LUNENBURG COUNTY Deed Book 1, Page 489
NAMES: Wife - Sarah Echols
Bequest to wife - chattels and plantation where he lives for her natural life.
Son - Eldest son Isaac Echols to get plantation at death of wife Sarah Echols,
Son - Youngest son Joshua Echols given land next to plantation given to wife.
Son - Joseph Echols land on Stinking Piver.
Daughter - Sarah Echols (one-half of) land on Staunton River against the Long Island.
Daughter - Rebekah Echols (one-half of) land on Staunton River against the Long Island.
Daughter - Elizabeth Echols my entry for land on Stinking River.
Brother - Joseph Echols land and mill on Childreys Creek.
Brother-in-law - Benjamin Hubbard, my wife's WILD brother my land on Bentleys Fork of Childrays Creek.
Brother-in-law - Mentions Edward Hubbard my wife's brother.

Executors: Wife Sarah Echols, Joseph Echols and Richard Echols.
Witnesses: Joseph Collins /s/ Abraham (X) Echols
George (X) Marshbank

Will dated 2 April 1749 Recorded 3 Oct. 1749



"Echols Notes, Vol.1", by Rebecca Echols Terry, 1977. p.63
Lunenberg County - Will Book 1, p.489
WILL OF ABRAHAM ECHOLS - Dated 2 Apr 1749; Prob: 3 Oct 1749
"Being very sick & weak in Body

To Sarah Echols, my wife, all my Household Stuff, ready money --
together with other movables during the Term of her Life. My Plantation &
Houses & Tract of Land on which they stand, I lend to Sarah my sd wife
also during her Life and Give & Bequeath the same to Isaac Echols my
eldest son to him & his heirs forever.
The Land adj. the aforesaid Tract being held by me by Bond I give to
Joshua Echols my youngest son & to his heirs--
My Land on Stinking River I give to Joseph Echols, my son.
My Land on Stanton River against the Long Island --
to my two daus Sarah Echols & Rebekah Echols.
My Land on Childrey's Creek to Joseph Echols, my brother.
Land on same creek at Bentley's Fork to Benjamin Hubbard, my wife's
brother.
Land above that -- to Edward Hubbard, my wife's brother.
Execs: Joseph Echols, Richard Echols & Sarah Echols, my wife.
Wit: Joseph Collins, George Marchbanks.
Signed: Abraham (X) Echols.

VIRGINIA DEEDS, AMELIA CO
(Bk 1, p.247) 20 Nov 1741 - Abraham Eckhols to George Ham for £20 - 400
A. between branches of bent Run & branches of Flat Creek known by name of
Curk Wodding.
(No witnesses) Signed: Abraham Eckhols.
Sarah, wife of Abraham, relinquished her dower.

(Bk 1, p.316) 17 June 1743 - Nicholas Guillentine to his son John
Guillentine, for love & affection, 397 A. on upper side of Flat Creek
called the Great Bent, being part of a Grant, 28 Dec 1736, and adj.
Abraham Eckhols? line. Land to go to John after the death of Nicholas.

(Bk 2, p.45) 15 Jan 1744 - Abraham Echolls of Parish of Raleigh in Amelia
Co. to David Crenshaw of St. Martin?s Parish, Hanover Co. for 5 shillings
- 400 A. on S.. side of Appomatox River, for one year, he paying unto
Abraham Echolls, or his heirs, one grain of Indian Corn, only if the same
should be demanded.
Wit: John (X) White, Catherine (X) Eckhols, Richd Eckhols.

(Bk 2, p.101) 16 Jan 1744 - Abraham Echolls to David Crenshaw for £95 -
400 A. on S. side of Appomatox River, already leased to him for one year.
Wit: (Same as above)
Sarah, wife of sd Abraham Echolls, relinquished her dower..

(Bk 2, p.193) 27 Oct 1746 - Richard Eckhols, Planter, to Samuel Bentley,
Planter, for £40 - 296 A. on Prints (?) Creek adj. Wm Gates, Wm Fuqua,
Joseph Eckhols, and Abraham Eckhols as by Patent granted to Wm Austin and
purchased by Richard Eckhols.
Wit: James Bentley, Robt (X) Hudgins. John (x) Drinkwater.

(Bk 2, p.399) 21 Nov 1746 - Anne & George Marchbanks of Amelia Co. to
Andrew Lester of James City Co. for £125, land beginning at Abram
Eckhols' corner on Appomatox River.
Wit: Richd Eckhols, Samuel Bentley, James Bentley.

LUNENBURG CO.
(Deed Bk 1, p.206 ) 6 July 1747 Lawrence Barker to Abraham Eckholes of
Lunenburg Co. for £35 - 174 A. on S. side of Staunton River. granted to
Barker by Patent.

VIRGINIA LAND RECORDS
GENERAL INDEX TO MAPS AND PLATS - HALIFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA
Abraham - p.109 - 9 Feb 1747 361 A. on Staunton River.

HALIFAX CO
(Bk 5, p.82) 20 May 1764 John Tribble & wf Rebecca to Joseph Echols, Jr.
for £4 - 190½ A., part of 381 A. granted to Abraham Eckhols, dec?d, 20
Aug 1760 & left by legacy, the whole to be divided as they should agree,
to his two daughters, Sarah, the wf of John Rowden, and Rebecca, the
above said John Tribble?s wife, which is peacibly agreed on that Rebecca
& John have the South end. 		Echols, Abraham (I2047)
 
1933 Edict of Nantes

The Edict of Nantes (sometimes spelled Edict of Nantz) was issued on April 13, 1598 by Henry IV of France to grant the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. The main concern was civil unity, and the Edict separated civil from religious unity, treated some Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance. In offering general freedom of conscience to individuals, the edict offered many specific concessions to the Protestants, such as amnesty and the reinstatement of their civil rights, including the right to work in any field or for the State and to bringces directly to the king. It marks the end of the religious wars that tore apart the population of France during the second half of the 16th century.

The Edict aimed primarily to end the long-running, disruptive French Wars of Religion. Henry IV also had personal reasons for supporting the Edict. Prior to assuming the throne in 1589 he had espoused Protestantism, and he remained sympathetic to the Protestant cause: he had converted to Catholicism only in 1593 in order to secure his position as king, supposedly saying "Paris is well worth a Mass". The Edict succeeded in restoring peace and internal unity to France, though it pleased neither party: Catholics rejected the apparent recognition of Protestantism as a permanent element in French society and still hoped to enforce religious uniformity, while Protestants aspired to parity with Catholics. "Toleration in France was a royal notion, and the religious settlement was dependent upon the continued support of the crown."

Re-establishing royal authority in France required internal peace, based on limited toleration enforced by the crown. Since royal troops could not be everywhere, Huguenots needed to be granted strictly circumscribed possibilities of self-defense.

The Edict of Nantes that Henry IV signed comprised four basic texts, including a principal text made up of 92 articles and largely based on unsuccessful peace treaties signed during the recent wars. The Edict also included 56 "particular" (secret) articles dealing with Protestant rights and obligations. For example, the French state guaranteed protection of French Protestants travelling abroad from the Inquisition. "This crucifies me," protested Pope Clement VIII, upon hearing of the Edict. The final two parts consisted of brevets (letters patent) which contained the military clauses and pastoral clauses. These two brevets were withdrawn in 1629 by Louis XIII, following a final religious civil war.

The two letters patent supplementing the Edict granted the Protestants places of safety (places de sûreté), which were military strongholds such as La Rochelle, in support of which the king paid 180,000 écus a year, along with a further 150 emergency forts (places de refuge), to be maintained at the Huguenots' own expense. Such an act of toleration was unusual in Western Europe, where standard practice forced subjects to follow the religion of their ruler — the application of the principle of cuius regio, eius religio.

While it granted certain privileges to Protestants, the edict reaffirmed Catholicism as the established religion of France. Protestants gained no exemption from paying the tithe and had to respect Catholic holidays and restrictions regarding marriage. The authorities limited Protestant freedom of worship to specified geographic areas. The Edict dealt only with Protestant and Catholic coexistence; it made no mention of Jews, or of Muslims, who were offered temporary asylum in France when the Moriscos were being expelled from Spain.

The original Act which promulgated the Edict, has disappeared. The Archives Nationales in Paris preserves only the text of a shorter document modified by concessions extracted from the King by the clergy and the Parlement of Paris, which delayed ten months, before finally signing and setting seals to the document in 1599. A copy of the first edict, sent for safekeeping to Protestant Geneva, survives. The provincial parlements resisted in their turn; the most recalcitrant, the parlement of Rouen, did not unreservedly register the Edict until 1609.

Revocation
The Edict remained in unaltered effect, registered by the parliaments as "fundamental and irrevocable law", with the exception of the brevets, which had been granted for a period of eight years, and were renewed by Henry in 1606 and in 1611 by Marie de Médecis, who confirmed the Edict within a week of the assassination of Henry, stilling Protestant fears of another St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. The subsidies had been reduced by degrees, as Henry gained more secure control of the nation.[9] By the peace of Montpellier in 1622, concluding a Huguenot revolt in Languedoc, the fortified Protestant towns were reduced to two, La Rochelle and Montauban. The brevets were entirely withdrawn in 1629, by Louis XIII, following the Siege of La Rochelle, in which Cardinal Richelieu blockaded the city for fourteen months.

During the remainder of Louis XIII's reign, and especially during the minority of Louis XIV, the implementation of the Edict varied year by year, voiced in declarations and orders, and in case decisions in the Council, fluctuating according to the tides of domestic politics and the relations of France with powers abroad.

In October 1685, Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV, renounced the Edict and declared Protestantism illegal with the Edict of Fontainebleau. This act, commonly called the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, had very damaging results for France. While the wars of religion did not re-ignite, many Protestants chose to leave France, most moving to Great Britain, Prussia, the Dutch Republic, Switzerland and the new French colonies in North America. Huguenots also settled in South Africa. This exodus deprived France of many of its most skilled and industrious individuals, who would from now on aid France's rivals in Holland and England. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes also further damaged the perception of Louis XIV abroad, making the Protestant nations bordering France even more hostile to his regime. Upon the revocation of the edict, Frederick Wilhelm issued the Edict of Potsdam, which encouraged Protestants to come to Brandenburg. 		Dupuy, Pierre (I27468)
 
1934 Edmund Jennings Lee, Lee of VA.; 929; L477Lee; pp. 71-72

Francis was the third son of Richard Lee and Anne Constable born about 1648 at Paradise, Gloucester County, VA. He married Tamar_______. Francis died in Nov 1714 in London, England and was buried on 19 Nov 1714 at St. Dionis Backchurch (grave located in the Great Vault in the Chancel) in London, England His wife was not mentioned in his will because she had died 1 May 1694/5 and was buried in the Vault with Francis and children.

Francis was allowed the option, in his father's will, of remaining in England, if he so desired. The inference is that he was intended for a mercantile life. It is probable that he returned with his father to VA. and went back to England, to establish himself in mercantile life, some years after his father's death. The Northumberland records contain a certificate from him, dated about 1670, stating that a servant had "served his full tyme to the Estate of Col. Richard Lee and myself." A "Mr. Francis Lee" was Justice for Northumberland in 1673. Will dated 9 July 1709; probated, London, 23 Nov 1714. 		Lee, Francis Lightfoot (I26640)
 
1935 Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, was the fourth surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Like many medieval English princes, Edmund gained his nickname from his birthplace: Kings Langley Palace in Hertfordshire. He was the founder of the House of York, but it was through the marriage of his younger son, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, to Anne de Mortimer, great-granddaughter of Edmund's elder brother Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, that the House of York made its claim to the English throne in the Wars of the Roses. The other party in the Wars of the Roses, the incumbent House of Lancaster, was formed from descendants of Edmund's elder brother John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, Edward III's third son. of Langely, 1st Duke of York Edmund (I36905)
 
1936 EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF YORK, fifth son of Edward III, was born at King's Langley in Hertfordshire on the 5th of June 1341. He accompanied his father on a campaign in France in 1359, was created Earl of Cambridge in 1362, and took part in expeditions to France and Spain, being present at the sack of Limoges in 1370. After marrying Isabella (d.1393), daughter of Peter the Cruel, King of Castile, he was appointed one of the English lieutenants in Brittany, whither he led an army in 1375. A second campaign in Brittany was followed in 1381 by an expedition under the earl's leadership to aid Ferdinand, King of Portugal, in his struggle with John I, King of Castile; but after a period of inaction Edmund was compelled to return to England as Ferdinand had concluded an independent peace with Castile.

Accompanying Richard II on his march into Scotland, he was created Duke of York in August 1385, and subsequently on three occasions he acted as regent of England. In this capacity he held a parliament in 1395, and he was again serving as regent when Henry of Lancaster, afterwards Henry IV, landed in England in July 1399. After a feeble attempt to defend the interests of the absent king, York joined the victorious invader; but soon retired from public life, and, in the words of Froissart as translated by Lord Berners, "Jaye styll in his castell, and medled with nothynge of the busynesse of Englande." He died at King's Langley on the 1st of August 1402. York was a man who preferred pleasure to business, and during the critical events of his nephew's reign he was content to be guided by his more ambitious brothers, the Dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester.
His second wife was Joan, or Johanna (d.1434), daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, but his only children were two sons [see Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge] and a daughter, Constance (d.1416), by his first wife. 		of Langely, 1st Duke of York Edmund (I36905)
 
1937 Edna Risdon Neary, an early Risdon family genealogist, in her notes quotes "old family records" that state;

Josiah Risdon was the son of Elisha Risdon, who moved from Stratford, Connecticut some years prior to the Revolutionary War where he conducted a school for boys who were preparing to enter England's Colleges and Universities. Elisha's son, Josiah, assisted him as a teacher in this school.

Further research has NOT found evidence to prove, or disprove that Josiah was a son of Elisha, nor have records been uncovered for a school where Elisha or Josiah taught. 		Risdon, Josiah (I35023)
 
1938 Edward Bangs probably was baptized at Panfield, Essex, on 28 October 1591, the son of John and Jane (Chavis) Bangs. He came to America on the Anne in 1623, and settled in Plymouth, MA. He was made a freeman in Plymouth 1 Jan. 1632. He removed to Eastman, and was one of the founding fathers there in 1639.

Edward Bangs and his family moved to Cape Cod in the 1640's when the town of Nauset (later renamed Eastham) was being established. Edward Bangs was an innkeeper in Eastham and granted liberty to 'sell wine and strong waters'. He is listed in the records of Eastham many times for buying or selling or being granted land. Edward Bangs held the following offices at Eastham: Deputy to Plymouth Court for Eastham, 7 June 1652; was on the Plymouth grand jury 5 times from 1636-1652; was on the Plymouth petit jury 11 times from 1636-1643; on a committee to lay out land on 3 Jan. 1627 and 1 Feb. 1640; appointed to other committees 10 times from 1633-1652; on coroner's jury on 30 Oct 1667; highway surveyor 3 times from 1647-1651; Eastham treasurer from 1646-1665; and on the list in 1643 of men able to bear arms.

Edward Bangs married Lydia Hicks sometime after 1627. Robert Hicks, Edward's father-in-law, had arrived in Plymouth in 1621 on the Fortune. The rest of the Hicks family - Robert's wife Margaret, and their three children, Samuel, Phoebe and Lydia, arrived on the Anne (as did Edward Bangs). Edward and Lydia Hicks Bangs had one son, John. Lydia died in the mid- 1630's. Edward remarried, to Rebecca Hobart. She joined her husband as grantor on a deed of 22 June 1651.

Edward Bangs died at Eastham between the 19 October 1677 date of his will and the 5 March 1678 date of probate, at the age of 86. Rebecca Hobart Bangs died in 1679 at Eastham.

The child of Edward and Lydia Hicks Bangs was:

John, b. abt 1628; m. at Eastham 23 January 1660, Hannah Smalley.
The children of Edward and Rebecca Hobart Bangs were:

Rebecca, b. abt 1636; m. at Eastham 26 October 1654, Jonathan Sparrow.
Sarah, b. abt 1638; m. abt. 1657 Thomas Howes.
Jonathan, b. abt. 1640; m. (1) at Eastham 16 July 1664, Mary Mayo; m. (2) by 1719 Sarah _____; m. (3)at Eastham 23 July 1720 "Mrs. Ruth Young" (widow of John Young and daughter of Daniel Cole).
Lydia, b. abt. 1642; m. at Eastham 24 December 1661, Benjamin Higgins.
Hannah, b. abt. 1644; m. at Eastham 30 April 1662, John Doane. (Our ancestor.)
Joshua, b. bt. 1646; m.at Eastham 1 December 1669, Hannah Scudder.
Bethia, b. Eastham 28 May 1650; m. by 1669 Gershom Hall.
Mercy (twin), b. at Eastham 15 October 1651; m. at Eastham 28 December 1670, Steven Merrick.
Apphia (twin), b. at Eastham 15 October 1651; m. (1) at Eastham 28 December 1670, John Knowles; m. (2) by 6 March 1677 Stephen Wood Jr.
Sources

:"The Great Migration Begins; Sketches; PRESERVED PURITAN"." Plymouth Colony: Its History and People 1620-1691", Part Three: Biographical Sketches, Bangs, Edward." History and Genealogy of The Bangs Family in America, with Genealogical Tables and Notes"; by Dean Dudley; Montrose MA 1896.



There is a tradtion that Eward Bangs was a native of Chichester Co. Sussex England which is not far from Essex. Another tradition states that although Edward Bangs may have been born in Chichester, he or his immediate family was later on the Isle of Man.

Edward Bangs came to Plymouth in the ship Ann in June 1623. That year he acquired a garden plot of four acres on the El River. He was on of the surveyors who was appointed to assist Wm. Bradford, Ed. Winslow and John Howland and others in laying out lots in Plymouth. In 1633 he was made a freeman and taxed twelve shillings. He was active in civic affairs and held many public offices. From 1634-36 he was assessor and in 11-1636 he was one of the GReat Inquest or Grand Jury sworn to "enquire of all abuses within the body Government." In 1637 he was on a committee to divide meadow grandowns, in 1638 on the Great Inquest and in 1639 served as arbitrator between Samuel Gorton and Thomas Clark.

Edward Bangs was granted eighty acres of land by the Plymouth Court provided he contribute one sixteenth part toward the building of a forty or fifty ton barque. He was a shipwright by trade, and in a list of Plymouth citizens in 1643, he was listed as able to bear arms. In 1645 Edward Bangs became a freeman of Nawsett or Eastham, the oldest town in Cape Cod, and about 1650 served as a Deputy tothe Old Colony Court. In 1651 Edward Bangs and his wife Rebeccagave a deed to M. Kempton which is recorded at Plymouth Registry. He was a town treasurer of Eastham from 1646 to 1665 and served as a selectman for two years about 1665. His will dated 10-19-1677 bequested land to his sons John and Jonathan, to Joshua he gave hsi house with some land , and to each daughter,four pounds. He named Jonathan his executor.

While in Eastham, Edward Bangs served as a Deputy to Colony Court from 1674, 76, 79,83; was Capt of Guard against Indians was ensign of the Eastham Co.1759 and Captain of Eastham Co. 1660. He was Rep. to Mass. General Court 1672 and was town treasurer 1646-65.

references: American Ancestry Hughes vol 3 pp100; American Ancestry Hughes Vol 4 pp129; The compedium of American Geneology -- Immigrant Ancestors pp 752; The Mayflower Planters at Plymouth Mass 1620 and other newcomers to Ye Old Colonie--Leon Clark Hills pp 55; The abridged compendium of american ancestry pp 967; Americana Vol 36 pp 518-19




The Great Migration Begins Sketches PRESERVED PURITAN Edward Bangs
EDWARD BANGS
ORIGIN: Unknown (but see COMMENTS)
MIGRATION: 1623 on the Anne
FIRST RESIDENCE: Plymouth
REMOVES: Eastham by 1645

OCCUPATION: Innkeeper ("Liberty is granted unto Edward Bangs to draw and sell wine and strong waters at Eastham, provided it be for the refreshment of the English, and not to be sold to the Indians," 6 October 1657 [PCR 3:123]; an account of liquor brought into Eastham dated 28 November 1664 included "Edward Bangs, six gallons of liquor" [PCR4:100]).

FREEMAN: In "1633" Plymouth list of freemen in proximity to those admitted on 1 January 1632/3 [PCR 1:4]. In list of 7 March 1636/7 [PCR 1:52]. In Plymouth section of list of 1639, annotated as gone and added to list for Eastham [PCR 8:174, 177]. In Eastham portion of list possibly dated to 1658 [PCR 8:201]. In Eastham list of 29 May 1670 [PCR5:278].

OFFICES: Deputy to Plymouth Court for Eastham, 7 June 1652 [PCR 3:9]; Plymouth grand jury, 7 March 1636/7, 5 June 1638, 2 June 1640, 1 March 1641/2, 7 June 1652 [PCR 1:54, 87, 155; 2:34; 3:9]; Plymouth petit jury, 4 October 1636, 3 January 1636/7, 3 September 1639, 3 December 1639, 3 March 1639/40, 3 August 1641, 6 September 1641, 7 December 1641, 1 March 1641/2, 6 June 1643, 7 November 1643 [PCR 1:44, 7:4, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23, 25, 28, 35, 36]; committee to lay out land, 3 January 1627/8, 1 February 1640/1 [PCR 12:14, 2:7]; committee to divide meadow, 1 July 1633 [PCR 1:14]; committee to assess taxes, 5 January 1634/5, 1 March 1635/6 [PCR 1:33, 38]; Plymouth representative to committee to reunite Plymouth and Duxbury (but he did not serve), 14 March 1635/6 [PCR 1:41]; committee to allocate hay ground, 20 March 1636/7, 2 October 1637, 1 June 1640 [PCR 1:55, 67, 153]; committee to lay out highway, 1 February 1640/1, 24 February 1652 [PCR 2:7, 3:61]; coroner's jury, 30 October 1667 [PCR 4:169]; Eastham highway surveyor, 1 June 1647, 4 June 1650, 3 June 1651 [PCR 2:115, 155, 168]; Eastham treasurer, 1646-1665 [Bangs Gen 11]. In Plymouth section of 1643 list of men able to bear arms [PCR 8:189].

ESTATE: In the 1623 Plymouth division of land "Bangs" [no first name] received four acres as a passenger on the Anne in 1623 [PCR 12:6]. In the 1627 Plymouth division of cattle "Edward Banges" was the thirteenth person in the twelfth company [PCR 12:1].

In the Plymouth tax lists of 25 March 1633 and 27 March 1634 Edward Bangs was assessed 12s. [PCR 1:10, 27]. Included in the undated list of Purchasers [PCR 2:177].

On 20 March 1636/7 "John Banges" was assigned hay ground at Saggaquash (jointly with Edward Doty) [PCR 1:56, presumably a simple scribal error]. On 2 November 1640 granted ten acres of meadow in the South Meadows [PCR 1:166]. On 7 September 1 "Edward Banges is granted a parcel of fourscore acres of upland about Warren's Wells" [PCR 2:25]. On 17 October 1642 "Whereas fourscore acres of upland are formerly granted to Edward Banges at Warren's Wells, he now desiring to have some land near his house, it is granted that he shall look out a parcel of land, which upon view shall be laid forth for him, and to be deducted out of the 80 acres he should have at Warren's Wells" [PCR2:48].

On 7 September 1643 Joyce Wallen, widow, sold to Edward Bangs of Plymouth for £8 "all that her house and messuage situate and being at Hobs Hole or Wellingsly with the garden place and uplands thereunto adjoining" [PCR 12:95]. On 22 June 1651wardBangs of Eastham sold to Samuel Hicks of Plymouth for £3 10s. "a parcel of marsh meadow lying at the high pines on the Salthouse Beach" [PCR 12:208-09]. On 22 June 1651 "Edward Banges of the town of Nawsett alias Eastham ... yeoman" sold to "Mannasses Kemton" of Plymouth, yeoman, for £13 forty acres of upland in Plymouth near Browne's Rock, as well as "all the meadow or marsh that is on the island or spot of land commonly called and known by the name of Sagaquas"; "Rebeckah the wife of the said Edward Banges" consented to this deed [PCR 12:209].

On 12 November 1666 "Edward Banges and Daniel Cole Sen[io]r of Eastham, yeomen," sold to James Mathews of Yarmouth, yeoman, for £10 "all the purchase lands that belonged unto and were the lands of Edward Banges and Daniell Cole ... between thwo brooks commonly called Bound Brook and Stony Brook ... in Yarmouth" [PCLR 3:91-92].

On 23 February 1676 Edward Bangs of Eastham for "my tender love and fatherly love unto my natural son Joshua Bangs" deeded him "all that my messuage, dwelling house and housing and lands, both upland and meadowing, lying and being in the townp of Eastham," viz: five acres of upland "granted to me by the town for a houselot," with the dwelling house on it; four acres granted to Daniel Cole Sr. for a houselot; three acres granted to George Crispe for a houselot; four acres and half granted to John Jenkins for a houselot; two acres granted to Job Cole; fourteen acres granted to Ralph Smith; three acres "of meadow granted me by the town"; four acres of meadow at Great Blackfish River; one acre of meadow granted to John Jenkins; all of which parcels "appear more at length in the town book of records" [PCLR 4:134-36].

In his will, dated 19 October 1677 and proved 5 March 1677/8, "Edward Banges, aged 86 years," made son Jonathan sole executor and bequeathed to him "all my purchased land at Namskekett," two acres and a half of meadow, "all my purchase land aocomett[?]," an acre and a half of meadow "at a place called the acars," one acre at the harbor's mouth, "a parcel of upland and meadow lying at Rock harbour which I had in exchange of John Done," and "all those things which I have at his house"; to son John "that twenty acres of upland at Pochett that he hath built upon," five acres adjoining to the twenty acres, "that land which I have at Pochett Island," two acres of meadow at Boat Meadow, and three-quarters of an acre at the head of Boat Meadow; to son Joshua "the house that I lived in and all the housing belonging to it," twenty-eight acres of land adjoining, three acres of meadow at Boat Meadow, one acre of meadow at Boat Meadow, four acres of meadow at the head of Blackfish Creek, and fourteen acres of upland at Pochett; to son Jonathan's eldest son Edward Bangs twenty-five acres of upland at Pochett Field, one acre of meadow at Rock Harbor, and "half an acre of meadow lying at Great Namscekett which I bought of Daniell Cole"; to "my daughter Howes, my daughter Higgens, my daughter Done, my daughter Hall, my daughter Merricke, and my daughter Attwood, four pounds apiece at my decease, and I give to my grandchildren, viz: the children of my daughter Rebecka deceased four pounds at my decease" [PCPR 3:2:106].

BIRTH: About 1591 based on his stated age of eighty-six on 19 October 1677 [PCPR3:2:106] (although this may be exaggerated).

DEATH: Eastham between 19 October 1677 (date of will) and 5 March 1677/8 (date of probate).

MARRIAGE:
(1) By about 1633 Lydia Hicks, baptized St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, Surrey, 6 September 1612, daughter of ROBERT HICKS [TAG 51:58]; she apparently died within a year or two.

(2) By about 1635 Rebecca ____; she joined her husband as grantor on a deed of 22 June 1651 [PCR 12:209].

CHILDREN:
With first wife

i JOHN, b. say 1634; m. Eastham 23 January 1660[/1] Hannah Smalley [PCR8:28; MD 7:17]. (If his deed to George Partridge, recorded in 1657, is correctly dated 21 June 1652, then he was probably born as early as 1631, which would also pushk the date on which his father married Lydia Hicks [MD 12:83-84].)
With second wife

ii REBECCA, b. say 1636; m. Eastham 26 October 1654 Jonathan Sparrow [PCR 8:15].

iii SARAH, b. say 1638; m. about 1657 Thomas Howes [MD 6:233].

iv JONATHAN, b. say 1640; m. (1) Eastham 16 July 1664 Mary Mayo [PCR8:56]; m. (2) by 1719 Sarah _____; m. (3) Eastham (int.) 23 July 1720 "Mrs. Ruth Young" [MD 28:111] (widow of John Young and daughter of Daniel Cole).

v LYDIA, b. say 1642; m. Eastham 24 December 1661 Benjamin Higgins [MD8:12].

vi HANNAH, b. say 1644; m. Eastham 30 April 1662 John Doane [MD 8:89].

vii JOSHUA, b. say 1646; m. Eastham 1 December 1669 Hannah Scudder [PCR 8:58].

viii BETHIA, b. Eastham 28 May 1650 [PCR 8:15]; m. by 1669 Gershom Hall [Bangs Gen 27-28, reproducing original Barnstable deed of 1 April 1729 in which Samuel Hall, Jonathan Hall and Mary Chess sell land in Eastham "that descended to us be right & title of our honorable deceased mother Bethiah Hall wife of our honored father Gershom Hall which said right descended to her our said deceased mother from her honored father Edward Bangs deceased our honored grandfather"].

ix MERCY (twin), b. Eastham 15 October 1651 [PCR 8:15]; m. Eastham 28 December 1670 Steven Merrick [PCR 8:57].

x APPHIA (twin), b. Eastham 15 October 1651 [PCR 8:15]; m. (1) Eastham 28 December 1670 John Knowles [PCR 8:57; NEHGR 79:293-95]; m. (2) by 6 March 1677 Stephen Wood Jr. [PCR 5:220].

COMMENTS: Mary Walton Ferris argues that the immigrant to Plymouth was the Edward Bangs baptized at Panfield, Essex, on 28 October 1591, but she does not present all the evidence, and the evidence which is printed is not sufficient to prove the origin [Dawes-Gates 2:61].

How many wives did Edward Bangs have, and when? Since he was granted four acres in the 1623 land division, some have proposed that he brought with him a wife and at least one child, and that they must have died by 1627, when they do not appean the 1627 cattle division. However, this is not the only possible interpretation of this record: the other three persons with Edward Bangs may have been servants, or the record itself may be erroneous. Thus, pending discoveries in English records, no wife prior to Lydia Hicks is assumed here. (Although if Edward's claimed age is close to correct, he certainly would have been old enough to have a family in 1623.)

Both ROBERT HICKS and his wife MARGARET name in their wills grandson John Bangs. John, the son of Edward Bangs, married in 1660, which would be consistent with a birthdate about 1635, thus making him the eldest child of Edward. On 1 May 1660 orge Watson requested the Court in the behalf of his son, John Watson, and his nephew, John Banges," that the records be altered to reflect Robert Hicks as purchaser at Dartmouth, rather than Samuel Hicks [PCR 3:186]; George Watson had married a daughter of Robert Hicks, which explains the relationship to John Bangs.

In a deed of 22 June 1651, Edward Bangs is joined by his wife Rebecca in selling land in Plymouth. Thus, she was certainly mother of the twins born later in 1651, and almost certainly mother of all other children except John Bangs. Citing a sosed entry in theHobart diary, Mary Walton Ferris suggested that Rebecca was daughter of Edmund Hobartof Hingham, but this entry may not have existed, and the identity of Rebecca (_____)Bangs remains unknown [NEHGR 121:4, 56].

On 8 November 1638 "Edward Banges, of [Plymouth], yeoman," posted bond of £20 as surety for John Smith of Plymouth, laborer [PCR 1:103]. On 5 March 1643/4 he was surety for John Smith of Eel River [PCR 2:69].

BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTE: The basic genealogy for this family is Dean Dudley's History and Genealogy of The Bangs Family in America, with Genealogical Tables and Notes (Montrose MA 1896, cited above as Bangs Gen). This volume is basically sound, with complete transcripts of many important documents, including some Barnstable deeds which are probably not otherwise accessible. But there are also the usual idiosyncrasies typical of this author. As an example we are told that "The court at Plymouth granted to EdwardBangs eighty acres of land on condition that he contribute one-sixteenth part toward building a barque of 40 or 50 tons. He is said to have superintended the building of the vessel, being a shipwright by trade" [p. 10]. The Plymouth records state merely that on 23 January 1641/2 Edward Bangs contributed one-sixteenth of the cost of building the bark, and say nothing about any award of land in connection with this contribution [PCR2:31]. The grant of land was made at court on 7 September 1641, five months before the contribution [PCR 2:25]. Beyond this, there is no evidence that he had anything to do with building the bark, or that he was a shipwright. As noted above, he was at times an innkeeper, and was otherwise called yeoman.

Half a century later Mary Walton Ferris did her usual thorough job on Edward Bangs[Dawes-Gates 2:61-68].
The Great Migration Begins
Sketches
PRESERVED PURITAN 		Bangs, Edward (I8320)
 
1939 Edward I of England
Reign 17 November 1272 – 7 July 1307
Coronation 19 August 1274
Predecessor Henry III
Successor Edward II
Consort Eleanor of Castile (1254–1290)
Marguerite of France (1299–)
among others
Issue Eleanor, Countess of Bar
Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
Mary Plantagenet
Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford
Edward II
Thomas, 1st Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, 1st Earl of Kent

Titles
The King
The Earl of Chester
Duke of Aquitaine
Edward of Westminster
Edward Plantagenet
Royal house House of Plantagenet
Father Henry III
Mother Eleanor of Provence
Born 17 June 1239 Palace of Westminster, London
Died 7 July 1307 (aged 68) Burgh by Sands, Cumberland
Burial Westminster Abbey, London

Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks,[1] achieved historical fame as the monarch who conquered large parts of Wales and almost succeeded in doing the same to Scotland. However, his death led to his son Edward II taking the throne and ultimately failing in his attempt to subjugate Scotland. Longshanks reigned from 1272 to 1307, ascending the throne of England on 20 November 1272 after the death of his father, King Henry III. His mother was queen consort Eleanor of Provence.

As regnal post-nominal numbers were a Norman (as opposed to Anglo-Saxon) custom, Edward Longshanks is known as Edward I, even though he is the fourth King Edward, following Edward the Elder, Edward the Martyr, and Edward the Confessor.

Childhood and marriages
Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on the evening of 17 June 1239.[2] He was an older brother of Beatrice of England, Margaret of England and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster. He was named after Edward the Confessor. [3] From 1239 to 1246 Edward was in the care of Hugh Giffard (the son of Godfrey Giffard) and his wife, Sybil, who had been one of the midwives at Edward's birth. On Giffard's death in 1246, Bartholomew Pecche took over. Early grants of land to Edward included Gascony, but Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester had been appointed by Henry to seven years as royal lieutenant in Gascony in 1248, a year before the grant to Edward, so in practice Edward derived neither authority nor revenue from the province.

Edward's first marriage (age 15) was arranged in 1254 by his father and Alfonso X of Castile. Alfonso had insisted that Edward receive grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year and also asked to knight him; Henry had already planned a knighthood ceremony for Edward but conceded. Edward crossed the Channel in June, and was knighted by Alfonso and married to Eleanor of Castile (age 13) on 1 November 1254 in the monastery of Las Huelgas.

Eleanor and Edward would go on to have at least fifteen (possibly sixteen) children, and her death in 1290 affected Edward deeply. He displayed his grief by erecting the Eleanor crosses, one at each place where her funeral cortège stopped for the night. His second marriage, (age 60) at Canterbury on September 10, 1299, to Marguerite of France, (age 17) (known as the "Pearl of France" by her husband's English subjects), the daughter of King Philip III of France (Phillip the Bold) and Maria of Brabant, produced three children.

Early ambitions
In 1255, Edward and Eleanor both returned to England. The chronicler Matthew Paris tells of a row between Edward and his father over Gascon affairs; Edward and Henry's policies continued to diverge, and on 9 September 1256, without his father's knowledge, Edward signed a treaty with Gaillard de Soler, the ruler of one of the Bordeaux factions. Edward's freedom to manoeuvre was limited, however, since the seneschal of Gascony, Stephen Longespée, held Henry's authority in Gascony. Edward had been granted much other land, including Wales and Ireland, but for various reasons had less involvement in their administration.

In 1258, Henry was forced by his barons to accede to the Provisions of Oxford. This, in turn, led to Edward becoming more aligned with the barons and their promised reforms, and on 15 October 1259 he announced that he supported the barons' goals. Shortly afterwards Henry crossed to France for peace negotiations, and Edward took the opportunity to make appointments favouring his allies. An account in Thomas Wykes's chronicle claims Henry learned that Edward was plotting against the throne; Henry, returning to London in the spring of 1260, was eventually reconciled with Edward by Richard of Cornwall's efforts. Henry then forced Edward's allies to give up the castles they had received and Edward's independence was sharply curtailed.

Edward's character greatly contrasted with that of his father, who reigned over England throughout Edward's childhood and consistently tended to favour compromise with his opponents. Edward had already shown himself as an ambitious and impatient man, displaying considerable military prowess in defeating Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, having previously been imprisoned by de Montfort at Wallingford Castle and Kenilworth Castle.

In 1266, Cardinal Ottobono, the Papal Legate, arrived in England and appealed to Edward and his brother Edmund to participate in the Eighth Crusade alongside Louis IX of France. In order to fund the crusade, Edward had to borrow heavily from the French king, and persuade a reluctant parliament to vote him a subsidy (no such tax had been raised in England since 1237).

The number of knights and retainers that accompanied Edward on the crusade was quite small. He drew up contracts with 225 knights, and one chronicler estimated that his total force numbered 1000 men.[4] Many of the members of Edward's expedition were close friends and family including his wife Eleanor of Castile, his brother Edmund, and his first cousin Henry of Almain.

The original goal of the crusade was to relieve the beleaguered Christian stronghold of Acre, but Louis had been diverted to Tunis. By the time Edward arrived at Tunis, Louis had died of disease. The majority of the French forces at Tunis thus returned home, but a small number joined Edward who continued to Acre to participate in the Ninth Crusade. After a short stop in Cyprus, Edward arrived in Acre, reportedly with thirteen ships. In 1271, Hugh III of Cyprus arrived with a contingent of knights.

Operations during the Crusade of Edward I.
Soon after the arrival of Hugh, Edward raided the town of Qaqun. Because the Mamluks were also pressed by Mongols raid into Syria,[5] there followed a ten year truce, despite Edward's objections.

The truce, and an almost fatal wound inflicted by a Muslim assassin, soon forced Edward to return to England. On his return voyage he learned of his father's death. Overall, Edward's crusade was rather insignificant and only gave the city of Acre a reprieve of ten years. However, Edward's reputation was greatly enhanced by his participation and he was hailed by one contemporary English songwriter as a new Richard the Lionheart.

Edward was also largely responsible for the Tower of London in the form we see today, including notably the concentric defences, elaborate entranceways, and the Traitor's Gate. The engineer who redesigned the Tower's moat, Brother John of the Order of St Thomas of Acre, had clearly been recruited in the East.

Accession
Edward's accession marks a watershed. Previous kings of England were only regarded as such from the moment of their coronation. Edward, by prior arrangement before his departure on crusade, was regarded as king from the moment of his father's death, although his rule was not proclaimed until 20 November 1272, four days after Henry's demise. Edward was not crowned until his return to England in 1274. His coronation took place on Sunday, 19 August 1274, in the new abbey church at Westminster, rebuilt by his father.

When his contemporaries wished to distinguish him from his earlier royal namesakes, they generally called him 'King Edward, son of King Henry'. Not until the reign of Edward III, when they were forced to distinguish between three consecutive King Edwards, did people begin to speak of Edward 'the First' (some of them, recalling the earlier Anglo-Saxon kings of the same name, would add 'since the Conquest').

Welsh Wars
Edward I depicted in Cassell's History of England (1902)
One of King Edward's early moves was the conquest of Wales. Under the 1267 Treaty of Montgomery, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd had extended Welsh territories southwards into what had been the lands of the English Marcher Lords and obtained English royal recognition of his title of Prince of Wales, although he still owed homage to the English monarch as overlord. After Llywelyn repeatedly refused to pay homage to Edward in 1274–76, Edward raised an army and launched his first campaign against the Welsh prince in 1276–1277. After this campaign, Llywelyn was forced to pay homage to Edward and was stripped of all but a rump of territory in Gwynedd. But Edward allowed Llywelyn to retain the title of Prince of Wales, and eventually allowed him to marry Eleanor de Montfort, daughter of the late Earl Simon.

Llywelyn's younger brother, Dafydd (who had previously been an ally of the English) started another rebellion in 1282, and was soon joined by his brother and many other Welshmen in a war of national liberation. Edward was caught off guard by this revolt but responded quickly and decisively, vowing to remove the Welsh problem forever. Llywelyn was killed in an obscure skirmish with English forces in December 1282, and Welsh resistance all but collapsed. Snowdonia was occupied the following spring and at length Dafydd ap Gruffudd was captured and taken to Shrewsbury, where he was tried and executed for treason. To consolidate his conquest, Edward began construction of a string of massive stone castles encircling the principality, of which the most celebrated are Caernarfon, Conwy and Harlech.

Wales was incorporated into England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 and, in 1301, Edward invested his eldest son, Edward of Caernarfon, as Prince of Wales. Since that time, with the exception of Edward III, the eldest sons of all English monarchs have borne this title.

Scottish Wars
In 1289, after his return from a lengthy stay in his duchy of Gascony, Edward turned his attentions to Scotland. He had planned to marry his son and heir Edward, to the heiress Margaret, the Maid of Norway, but when Margaret died with no clear successor, the Scottish Guardians invited Edward's arbitration, to prevent the country from descending into civil war. But before the process got underway, and to the surprise and consternation of many of Scots, Edward insisted that he must be recognized as overlord of Scotland. Eventually, after weeks of English machination and intimidation, this precondition was accepted, with the proviso that Edward's overlordship would only be temporary.

His overlordship acknowledged, Edward proceeded to hear the great case (or Great Cause, a term first recorded in the 18th century) to decide who had the best right to be the new Scottish king. Proceedings took place at Berwick upon Tweed. After lengthy debates and adjournments, Edward ruled in favour of John Balliol in November 1292. Balliol was enthroned at Scone on 30 November 1292.

In the weeks after this decision, however, Edward revealed that he had no intention of dropping his claim to be Scotland's superior lord. Balliol was forced to seal documents freeing Edward from his earlier promises. Soon the new Scottish king found himself being overruled from Westminster, and even summoned there on the appeal of his own Scottish subjects.

When, in 1294, Edward also demanded Scottish military service against France, it was the final straw. In 1295 the Scots concluded a treaty with France and readied themselves for war with England.

The war began in March 1296 when the Scots crossed the border and tried, unsuccessfully, to take Carlisle. Days later Edward's massive army struck into Scotland and demanded the surrender of Berwick. When this was refused the English attacked, killing most of the citizens-although the extent of the massacre is a source of contention; with postulated civilian death figures ranging from 7000 to 60000, dependent on the source.

After Berwick, and the defeat of the Scots by an English army at the Battle of Dunbar (1296), Edward proceeded north, taking Edinburgh and travelling as far north as Elgin - farther, as one contemporary noted, than any earlier English king. On his return south he confiscated the Stone of Destiny and carted it from Perth to Westminster Abbey. Balliol, deprived of his crown, the royal regalia ripped from his tabard (hence his nickname, Toom Tabard) was imprisoned in the Tower of London for three years (later he was transferred to papal custody, and at length allowed to return to his ancestral estates in France). All freeholders in Scotland were required to swear an oath of homage to Edward, and he ruled Scotland like a province through English viceroys.

Opposition sprang up (see Wars of Scottish Independence), and Edward executed the focus of discontent, William Wallace, on 23 August 1305, having earlier defeated him at the Battle of Falkirk (1298).

Edward was known to be fond of falconry and horse riding. The names of some of his horses are recorded in royal rolls: Lyard, his war horse; Ferrault his hunting horse; and his favourite, Bayard. At the Siege of Berwick, Edward is said to have led the assault personally, using Bayard to leap over the earthen defences of the city.

Later career and death
Edward's later life was fraught with difficulty, as he lost his beloved first wife Eleanor and his heir failed to develop the expected kingly character.

Edward's plan to conquer Scotland ultimately failed. In 1307 he died at Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots under the leadership of Robert the Bruce. According to a later chronicler tradition, Edward asked to have his bones carried on future military campaigns in Scotland. More credible and contemporary writers reported that the king's last request was to have his heart taken to the Holy Land. All that is certain is that Edward was buried in Westminster Abbey in a plain black marble tomb, which in later years was painted with the words Edwardus Primus Scottorum malleus hic est, pactum serva, (Here is Edward I, Hammer of the Scots. Keep Troth.[6]. Although in their present form these words were added in the sixteenth century, they may well date from soon after his death.

On 2 January 1774, the Society of Antiquaries opened the coffin and discovered that his body had been perfectly preserved for 467 years. His body was measured to be 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm).[7]

Government and law under Edward I
A portrait of Edward I hangs in the United States House of Representatives chamber. It was Edward who founded the parliamentary system in England and eliminated the divisive political effects of the feudal system. Unlike his father, Henry III, Edward I took great interest in the workings of his government and undertook a number of reforms to regain royal control in government and administration. It was during Edward's reign that parliament began to meet regularly. And though still extremely limited to matters of taxation, it enabled Edward I to obtain a number of taxation grants which had been impossible for Henry III.

After returning from the crusade in 1274, a major inquiry into local malpractice and alienation of royal rights took place. The result was the Hundred Rolls of 1275, a detailed document reflecting the waning power of the Crown. It was also the allegations that emerged from the inquiry which led to the first of the series of codes of law issued during the reign of Edward I. In 1275, the first Statute of Westminster was issued correcting many specific problems in the Hundred Rolls. Similar codes of law continued to be issued until the death of Edward's close adviser Robert Burnell in 1292.

Edward's personal treasure, valued at over a year's worth of the kingdom's tax revenue, was stolen by Richard of Pudlicott in 1306, leading to one of the largest criminal trials of the period.

Persecution of the Jews
In 1275, Edward issued the Statute of the Jewry, which imposed various restrictions upon the Jews of England; most notably, outlawing the practice of usury and introducing to England the practice of requiring Jews to wear a yellow badge on their outer garments. In 1279, in the context of a crack-down on coin-clippers [criminals who shaved the edges of silver pennies to make new bullion], he arrested all the heads of Jewish households in England, and had around 300 of them executed.

Expulsion of the Jews
By the Edict of Expulsion of 1290, Edward formally expelled all Jews from England. In almost every case, all their money and property was confiscated.

The motive for this expulsion was first and foremost financial. Edward, after his return from a three year stay on the Continent, was around £100,000 in debt. Such a large sum - around four times his normal annual income - could only come from a grant of parliamentary taxation. It seems that parliament was persuaded to vote for this tax, as had been the case on several earlier occasions in Edward's reign.

Issue
Children of Edward and Eleanor:
A nameless daughter, b. and d. 1255 and buried in Bordeaux.
Katherine, b&d. 1264
Joan, b. and d. 1265. She was buried at Westminster Abbey before September 7, 1265.
John, born at either Windsor or Kenilworth Castle June or July 10, 1266, died August 1 or 3 1271 at Wallingford, in the custody of his great uncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. Buried at Westminster Abbey.
Henry, born on July 13 1268 at Windsor Castle, died October 14, 1274 either at Merton, Surrey, or at Guildford Castle.
Eleanor, born 1269, died 12 October 1298. She was long betrothed to Alfonso III of Aragon, who died in 1291 before the marriage could take place, and on 20 September 1293 she married Count Henry III of Bar.
A nameless daughter, born at Acre, Israel, in 1271, and died there on 28 May or 5 September 1271
Joan of Acre. Born at Acre in Spring 1272 and died at her manor of Clare, Suffolk on April 23, 1307 and was buried in the priory church of the Austin friars, Clare, Suffolk. She married (1) Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, (2) Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer.
Alphonso, born either at Bayonne, at Bordeaux24 November 1273, died 14 or 19 August 1284, at Windsor Castle, buried in Westminster Abbey.
Margaret, born September 11, 1275 at Windsor Castle and died in 1318, being buried in the Collegiate Church of St. Gudule, Brussels. She married John II of Brabant.
Berengaria (also known as Berenice), born 1 May 1276 at Kempton Palace, Surrey and died on June 27, 1278, buried in Westminster Abbey.
Mary, born 11 March or 22 April 1278 at Windsor Castle and died 8 July 1332, a nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England.
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, born August 1282 at Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, Wales, died c.5 May 1316 at Quendon, Essex, in childbirth, and was buried in Walden Abbey, Essex. She married (1) John I, Count of Holland, (2) Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex.
Edward II of England, also known as Edward of Caernarvon, born 25 April 1284 at Caernarvon Castle, Wales, murdered 21 September 1327 at Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, buried in Gloucester Cathedral. He married Isabella of France.

Children of Edward and Marguerite:
Thomas of Brotherton, later earl of Norfolk, born 1 June 1300 at Brotherton, Yorkshire, died between the 4 August and 20 September 1338, was buried in the abbey of Bury St Edmunds, married (1) Alice Hayles, with issue; (2) Mary Brewes, no issue.[9]
Edmund of Woodstock, 5 August 1301 at Woodstock Palace, Oxon, married Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell with issue. Executed by Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer on the 19 March 1330 following the overthrow of Edward II.
Eleanor, born on 4 May 1306, she was Edward and Margeurite's youngest child. Named after Eleanor of Castile, she died in 1311. 		Plantagenet, Edward I Longshanks (I36900)
 
1940 Edward III
The charismatic Edward III, one of the most dominant personalities of his age, was born at Windsor Castle on 13th of November, 1312 and created Earl of Chester at four days old.

Edward was aged fourteen at his ill fated father's abdication, he had accompanied his mother to France where she and her lover, Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, planned his father's overthrow. Edward II was later murdered in a bestial fashion at Berkeley Castle. Although nominally King, he was in reality the puppet of Mortimer and his mother, who ruled England through him.

A tall, handsome and approachable youth, Edward drew inspiration from the popular contemporary tales of chivalry. He was married to his first cousin, Phillipa, the daughter of William the Good, Count of Hainault and Holland and Jeanne of Valois, granddaughter of Phillip III of France. The marriage, celebrated at York Minster on 24th January, 1328, was a happy one, the two became very close and produced a large family. Phillipa was kind and inclined to be generous and exercised a steadying influence on her husband. Their eldest son Edward, later known as the Black Prince, was born on 15th June 1330, when his father was eighteen. Phillipa of Hainault was a popular Queen Consort, who was widely loved and respected, and theirs was a very close marriage, despite Edward's frequent infidelities. She frequently acted as Regent in England during Edward's absences in France. Froissart describes her as being "tall and upright, wise, gay, humble, pious, liberal and courteous."

It seems Edward had been fond of his father Edward II. By the Autumn of 1330, when he reached eighteen, he strongly resented his political position and Mortimer's interference in government. Aided by his cousin, Henry, Earl of Lancaster and several of his lords, Edward lead a coup d'etat to remove Mortimer from power. The Dowager Queen's lover was arrested at Nottingham Castle. Stripped of his land and titles, Mortimer was accused of assuming Royal authority. Isabella's pleas for her son to show mercy were ignored. Without the benefit of a trial, Mortimer was sentenced to death and executed at Tyburn. Isabella herself was shut up at Castle Rising in Norfolk, where she could meddle in affairs of state no more, but she was granted an ample allowance and permitted to live in comfort. Troubled in his conscience about the part he had been made to play in his father's downfall, Edward built an impressive monument over his father's burial place at Gloucester Cathedral.

Edward renewed his granddfather, Edward I's war with Scotland and repudiated the Treaty of Northampton, that had been negotiated during the regency of his mother and Roger Mortimer. This resulted in the Second War of Scottish Independence. he regained the border town of Berwick and won a decisive victory over the Scots at Halidon Hill in 1333, placing Edward Balliol on the throne of Scotland. By 1337, however, most of Scotland had been recovered by David II, the son of Robert the Bruce, leaving only a few castles in English hands

The Capetian dynasty of France, from whom King Edward III descended through his mother, Isabella of France, (the daughter of Phillip IV, 'the Fair') became extinct in the male line. The French succession was governed by the Salic Law, which prohibited inheritance through a female.

Edward's maternal grandfather, Phillip IV died in 1314 and was suceeded by his three sons Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV in succession. The eldest of these, Louis X, died in 1316, leaving only his posthumous son John, who was born and died that same year, and a daughter Joan, whose paternity was suspect. On the death of the youngest of Phillip's sons, Charles IV, the French throne therefore descended to the Capetian Charles IV's Valois cousin, who became Phillip VI.

As the grandson and nephew of the last Capetian kings, Edward considered himself to be a far nearer relative than a cousin. He quartered the lilies of France with the lions of England in his coat-of-arms and formally claimed the French throne through right of his mother. By doing so Edward began what later came to be known as the Hundred Years War. The conflict was to last for 116 years from 1337 to 1453.

The French were utterly defeated in a naval battle at Sluys on 24th June, 1340, which safeguarded England's trade routes to Flanders. This was followed up by an extraordinary land victory over Phillip VI at Crécy-en-Ponthieu, a small town in Picardy about mid-way between Paris and Calais. The Battle of Crecy was fought on 26th August, 1346, where a heavily outnumbered English army of around 15,000, defeated a French force estimated to number around 30,000 to 40,000. French losses were enormous and it was at Crecy that the King's eldest son, Edward, Prince of Wales, otherwise known as the Black Prince, so named for the colour of his armour, famously won his spurs.

Edward then laid siege to the port of Calais in September, which, after a long drawn out siege, eventually fell into English hands in the following August. Edward was determined to make an example of the unfortunate burghers of Calais, but the gentle Queen Phillipa, heavily pregnant, interceded with her husband, pleading for their lives. Calais was to remain in English hands for over two hundred years, until it was lost to the French in 1558, during the reign of the Tudor queen, Mary I.

The war with Scotland was resumed. Robert the Bruce was long dead, but his successor, David II, seized the chance to attack England while Edward III's attention was engaged in France. The Scots were defeated at the Battle of Neville's Cross by a force led by William Zouche, Archbishop of York and the Scot's king, David II, taken prisoner to England, where he was housed in the Tower of London. After spending eleven years a prisoner in the Tower, he was released and allowed to return to Scotland for the huge ransom ransom of 100,000 Marks

The Black Prince covered himself in glory when he vanquished the French yet again at Poiters in 1356. Where the French king, John II, was captured. A ransom was demanded for his return which ammounted to the equivalent of twice the country's yearly income. King John was accorded royal privileges whilst a prisoner of the English and was allowed to return to France in attempt to collect the huge ransom. Claiming to be unable to raise the ammount, he voluntarily re-submitted himself to English custody and died a few months later. Peace was then negotiated and by the Treaty of Bretigny of 1360 England retained the whole of Aquitaine, Ponthieu and Calais, in return Edward relinquished his claim to the French throne.

Edward III was responsible for founding England's most famous order of chivalry, the The Order of the Garter. Legend has it that while dancing with the King at a ball, a Lady (said by some sources to be the Countess of Shrewsbury) was embarrassed to have dropped her garter. The King chivalrously retrieved it for her, picking it up, he tied it around his own leg, gallantly stating "Honi soit qui mal y pense."(evil to him who evil thinks). This became the motto of the order, a society of gartered knights based at St.George's Hall, Windsor Castle.

Disaster struck England in Edward III's reign, in the form of bubonic plague, or the Black Death, which cut a scythe across Europe in the fourteenth century, killing a third of it's population. It first reached England in 1348 and spread rapidly. In most cases the plague was lethal. Infected persons developed black swellings in the armpit and groin, these were followed by black blotches on the skin, caused by internal bleeding. These symptoms were accompanied by fever and spitting of blood. Contemporary medicine was useless in the face of bubonic plague, it's remorseless advance struck terror into the hearts of the medieval population of Europe, many in that superstitious age saw it as the vengeance of God. The population of England was decimated. King Edward III's daughter, Joanna, died of the plague whilst on her way to Bordeaux to marry Pedro of Castille.

In the aftermath of the Black Death there was inevitable social upheaval. Parliament tried to legislate on the problem by introducing the Statute of Laborers in 1351, which attempted to fix prices and wages.

Queen Phillipa died in August, 1369, of an illness similar to dropsy. The last years of Edward III's reign saw him degenerate to become a pale shadow of the ostentatious and debonair young man who had first set foot in France to claim its throne. His heir, Edward, the Black Prince, the flower of English chivalry, was stricken with illness and died before his father in June, 1376.

The King began to lean heavily on his grasping and avaricious mistress, Alice Perrers. Government of the kingdom passed to Edward's ambitious third son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. In September 1376 the king was unwell and was said to be suffering from an abscess. He made a brief recovery but, in a fragile condition, suffered a stroke at Sheen on 12th June, 1377. It was said that Alice Perrers stripped the rings from his fingers before he was even cold. He was buried in Westminster Abbey and was succeeded by his grandson, Richard II, the eldest surviving son of the Black Prince. 		Plantagenet, Edward III (I36903)
 
1941 Edward MackGehee McGehee will
Posted 26 Feb 2023 by John Moore
Descendants of McGehee, McGeehee and Patrick McGregorFourth Generation
12. Edward McGehee (Thomas McGehee , James , Patrick ) was born about 1701 in New Kent, Va. He died before 28 Jan 1771 in Cumberland, Va.

Edward was a large land owner and planter. He had 2,830 acres of land in Amelia County, Virginia in 1746 and 5,788 additional in 1748. In the Amelia books his name is spelled "MackGehee". He served in the French and Indian War. He enlisted in Frederick County, Virginia. ************** DEEDS: From William and Mary Quarterly. This info and the last post on various McGehees came from Series 1 Vol 25 Book April 1917 Vol.XXVI No.4 pages 275-289 The books to which references are made following each abstract of a patent are in the office of the Register of the Land Office, Richmond, Virginia [Submitted to McGehee mailing list by Ann Hinton] 1736, September 8, Edward MACGEHEE, 400 acres in Goochland County on south branch of Great Guinea Creek, adjoining James Allen, Jacob Mackgehee ( Book No.17 p.159) 1740, March 24, Edward MACKGEHEE 1,200 acres in Goochland County on branches of Great Guinea Creek of Appomattox River, adjoining James Allen; 400 acres part thereof granted said Mackgehee by patent 8 Sept.1736; 400 acres part thereof granted james terry by patent 10 June 1737, and residue never before granted ( Book No.19 p 922) 1746, January 12, Edward MACKGEHEE, 1830 acres in Amelia County between Bush and Bryer Rivers, adjoining Morton's Creek; 400 acres part therof formerly granted William brown,15 October,1741, the right and title since become vested in said Mackgehee, and the residue never before granted( Book No.24,p.594) 1748, July 20, Edward MACKGEHEE, 5798 acres, Amelia County between Bush and Briery Rivers, of which 2,830 acres part thereof was granted said Mackgehee by patent October 15,1741 and residue never before granted. (Book 26,p 464) 1735,July 5, Edward MACK GEHEE of King William County conveyed to Samuel MACKGEE, 400 acres on Great Rocky Creek in Hanover County. (Abstract of Hanover Records 1743-35, given in William and Mary Quarterly, XXI,p.60) 1768, September 19, Edward X MCGEHEE, of Cumberland County to Daniel McGehee, of same, for 50 pounds currency, conveys 700 acres in prince Edward County, part of a patent to said Edward McGehee October 15,1748 ( Prince Edward County, Deed Book 3,p 252) WILL OF EDWARD MCGEHEE, Cumberland County, VA, Will Book 1, 1749-1792, page 23: Dated 4 April 1770, Pr 28 Jan 1771 In the name of God, Amen. I, Edward McGehee of Cumberland County being in my perfect sences and memory do make this my last will and testament as followeth. Item I give to my son John McGehee and his heirs the following slaves Doll Sol Darkus Ben Lucy Minor and Judy together with their increase which slaves he now has in his possession. I likewise give to my son John and his heirs forever seven hundred acres of land lying in Prince Edward county joyning the land of Jacob McGehee, Sim Cock Cannon and George Walton. Item I give to my daughter, Mary Hodnett, five shillings current money. Item I give to my daughter Elizabeth Wright one negro wench named Hannah and her child Moses together with her increase to her and her heirs forever. I likewise give to my daughter Elizabeth Wright four hundred acres land being part of the tract whereon I now live and joining the land of Thomas Wright, Charles Lee, and Frances Apperson to her and her heirs forever. I give to my son-in-law, Thomas Wright, one half of my water grist mill. I likewise give to my said son-in-law, Thomas Wright, one half of the land that I purchased joyning the mill to him and his heirs forever. Item I give to my son, Micajah McGehee, one negro man named Bob to him and his heirs forever. I likewise give to my son, Micajah, seven hundred acres land in Prince Edward county being the land he now lives joining the land of John Martin to him and his heirs forever. Item I give to my son, Mumford McGehee, one negro boy named Peter to him and his heirs. I likewise give to my son, Mumford, seven hundred acres of land in Prince Edward county being laid off in a lot as will appear by plot number one being the land whereon he now lives to him and his heirs forever. Item I give to my son, Daniel McGehee, one negro boy named Ned to him and his heirs. I likewise give to my son Daniel seven hundred acres of land in Prince Edward county being laid off in a lot as will appear by a plot number two to him and his heirs forever. Item I give to my son, Willliam McGehee, one negro boy named George to him and his heirs. I likewise give to my son William seven hundred acres of land in Prince Edward county being laid off in a lot as will appear by a plot number three to him and his heirs forever. I give to my son William two cows and calves and one feather bed and furniture. Item I give to my son, Jacob McGehee, one negro boy named Tom to him and his heirs forever. I likewise give to my siad son Jacob seven hundred acres of land in Prince Edward county being laid off in a lot as will appear by a plot number six to him and his heirs forever. I give to my son Jacob two cows and calves and one feather bed and furniture. Iem I give to my son, Samuel McGehee, one negro boy named Pompy to him and his heirs forever. I give to my said son Samuel and his heirs forever seven hundred acres of land in Prince Edward county being laid off in a lot as will appear by a plot number four. I give to my son Samuel two cows and calves and one feather bed and furniture. I give to my daughter, Anna McGehee, one negro girl daned Rachel with her incrase to her and her heirs forever. I likewise give to my daughter Anna four hundred acres of land being part of the tract whereon I now live joyning my mill to her and her heirs forever, but in case my wife should want any timber on the said four hundred acres land or to tend any part thereof during her live my desire is that she may not be prevented. Item I lend to my beloved wife, Elizabeth McGehee, the land and plantation whereon I now live with four hundred acres likewise the following slaves Seasor London Sampson Bristol Jean Lucy Henry Dick Agg Jessee and the only half of the profits of my grist mill with the reaminder of my stock and household goods working tools & c. that's on my plantation during her natural life and my desire is after my wife's decease that the land whereon I now live may be equally divided between my two daughters Elizabeth Wright & my daughter Anna to them and their heirs forever. And further my desire is that after the death of my wife Elizabeth that one half of the mill and the remainder of my household goods & stock with the above slaves lent may be sold by my executors to the highest bidders and seventy five pounds sixteen shillings and eight pence to be paid to my son Jacob McGehee, and th___ pounds sixteen shillings & eight pence to be paid to my son Daniel McGehee also nine pounds three shillings & four pence to be paid to my son William McGehee. And my desire is that after the above cash is paid to my three sons that the balance may be equally divided between my daughter Elizabeth Wright and my six sons Micajah Mumford Daniel William Jacob and Samuel and my daughter Anna. And my desire is that there be no appraisement of my estate nor security given and further my will and desire is that in case either of my six sons or my daughter Anna should dye before they arive to the age of twenty one years or marry's that their part be equally divided among the remainder of the last mentioned children and lstly I do appoint my beloved wife Elizabeth McGehee, son Mumford, my son-in-law Thomas Wright and Henry Macon executors of this my last will & testament. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 4th Apr 1770. Edward McGehee {seal} Sign'd seal'd & acknowledg'd in the presence of and interlin'd before sealed - Nathan Glenn James Glenn Nehemiah Glenn At a court held for Cumberland county 28th January 1771 This last will and testament of Edward McGehee deceased was proved by Nathan Glenn and Nehemiah two of the witnesses thereto and ordered to be recorded and on the motion of Elizabeth McGehee executrix Mumford McGehee and Thomas Wright two of the executors therein named who made oath according to law certificate is granted them for obtaining probat thereof in due form and liberty is reserved to the other executor to join in probat. Test Thompson Swann Clk SOURCE: "Our McGehees"

Edward married Elizabeth DeJarnette daughter of Jean DeJarnette and Mary Mumford about 1735. Elizabeth was born about 1709 in Abingdon, Gloucester, Va. She died about 1783 in Prince Edward, Va.

They had the following children:

16MiJohn McGehee was born about 1735 in Prince Edward, Va. 17FiiElizabeth McGehee was born about 1739 in Prince Edward, Va. 18FiiiMary McGehee was born about 1742 in Prince Edward, Va. 19MivMumford McGehee was born about 1744 in Prince Edward, Va.+20MvMicajah McGehee 21MviDaniel McGehee was born about 1747 in Prince Edward, Va. 22MviiWilliam McGehee was born about 1749 in Prince Edward, Va.+23MviiiJacob McGehee 24FixAnna McGehee was born on 23 Jul 1755 in Prince Edward, Va. 25MxSamuel McGehee was born on 23 Jul 1759 in Prince Edward, Va. 		McGehee, Edward (I48205)
 
1942 Edward Shepard & Family, Members of the Church of Cambridge.
The valuable list of members of the Church of Cambridge 1658-1667 written by Rev Jonathan Mitchell gives the following account: "Edward Shepard member in full Communion. So was also his wife Violet deceased. Their children that were in minority when He Joyned are
"Abigail now living at Dedham.
"Deborah now also at Dedham.
Sarah now dwelling at Braintree.
"The eldest of these aged 12 years the 2d, 10: the 3d., 7 yeares when their parents Joyned here being all baptized in England. Mary now the wife of the foresaid Edward Shepard was dismissed hither from Ch. at Dorchester & is in f. C. with us. Her daughter Mary Pond baptized at Dorchester was 11 years old at her mothers joyning with us." 		Shepard II, Edward Cpt. (I46728)
 
1943 Edward SHEPARD was admitted to the church in Cambridge with "his first wife Violet." Their children that were in minority when he joined were Abigail, now (1658) living at Dedham, Deborah now also at Dedham, Sarah now dwelling at Braintree. The eldest of these was aged 12 years, the second, age 10, and the third, age 7, when their parents joined, being all baptised in England. Mary, now the wife of Edward SHEPARD, was dismissed hither from the church at Dorchester and is in full communion with us. Her daughter Mary POND baptized at Dorchester, was 11 years old at her mother's joining with us. Recorded 1658. (NOTE: Daughter Sarah would have been age 7 in 1643. See notes under Sarah.) Shepard II, Edward Cpt. (I46728)
 
1944 Edward SHEPARD wrote his will, "having arrived unto old age." Bequeathed to wife Mary; children John, Elizabeth, Deborah, Sarah, and to their children in case of their own decease before himself; also to the children of his deceased daughter Abigail, formerly wife of Daniel POND. (4c) Edward SHIPHEARD of Cambridge, New England, mariner, "being through the favor of God arrived unto old age," wrote his will. Gives to dear wife Mary either 20 pounds to be paid her by my executors within 3 months after my decease in such household goods and other things as may be suitable for her, or else the use of my dwelling house, barn, and orchard that lie on the north side of the street during her life, provided she keep the same in tenantable repair. The remainder of my estate to be divided into 6 equal parts. Two parts I give to my son John SHIPARD, or in case of his death before me, to be equally divided among his children; to my daughter Elizabeth, 1/6 part or in case of her death before me to be divided among her children; to my daughter Deborah (the same as to daughter Elizabeth); to the children of Daniel POND which he had by my daughter Abigail deceased 1/6 part to be equally divided; to my daughter Sarah (the same as to daughters Elizabeth & Deborah). Appoints my dear son John SHIPARD executor, and in case he should decease before me, I appoint his eldest son my executor. Wits. Daniel GOOKIN Sr., Daniel GOOKIN Jr. Shepard II, Edward Cpt. (I46728)
 
1945 Edward Smith Revolutionary War Pension
STATE OF NEW YORK ONTARIO COUNTY
On this twenty-first day of August 1820, personally appeared in open Court (being a Court of Common Please in and for said county and constituted a Court of Record by proceeding according to the course of the Common Law, with a jurisdiction unlimited in point of amount, and keeping a record of its proceedings and recognized as such Court by the laws and judicial decisions of said State,) EDWARD SMITH, aged 64 years, resident in the town of Gorham in said county, who being first duly sworn according to law, doth on his oath declare, that he served in the Revolutionary War as follows:
Under Capt. Samuel CODMAN (GODMAN); Colonel HALL’S Regiment in the Maryland Line as a Private, commencing in the year 1775 for a term of three years.
And that he made application for a Pension on the fourteenth day of April 1818 and that he received a Pension Certificate No. 8925. And I do solemnly swear that I was a resident citizen of the United States on the eighteenth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, and that I have not since that time, by gift, sale, or in any manner disposed of my property, or any part thereof, with intent thereby so to diminish it as to bring myself within the provisions of an act of Congress, entitled, “An Act to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States in the Revolutionary War,” passed on the 18th day of March, 1818, and that I have not, nor has any person in trust for me, any property or securities, contracts or depts. Due to me, nor have I any income other that what is contained in the Schedule hereto annexed, and by me subscribed, viz:
1 Cow & Calf $18; one Pig, $1.25 19.25
3 chairs and one old table 1.25
4 knives & forks, .25; 4 cups & saucers, .25 .50
one pot & tea kettle, 1.25; one bake pan, broken .25 1.50 $ 22.50

EDWARD SMITH (his mark)

And I do further swear and declare that I am by occupation a farmer and am by my infirmity and lameness, disabled from doing any labor and state my family consists of my wife, aged fifty-seven years and quite infirm from age; one son, Thomas, fourteen years of age, and one Israel, ten year old and Samuel, eight years of age.

EDWARD SMITH (his mark)

Sworn to and declared this 21st day of August, 1820 in open court before me,

WILLIAM ROGERS
Judge of Ontario (common pleas)

At a Court of Common Pleas, held at the Court House in Canandaigua in and for the County of Ontario, before the Judges of said Court, on the 21st day of August of the term of August in the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty:
Present:
MOSES ATWATER
MICAH BROOKS
WILLIAM ROGERS
STEPHEN BATES , all Judges

Ex Parte

In the matter of Edward SMITH a Pensioner residing in the town of Gorham in said County:
The said Edward SMITH as a person placed on the Pension List of the United States, having exhibited a Schedule subscribed by him, containing his whole estate and income, (his necessary clothing and bedding excepted), in pursuance of an act of Congress of the United States, entitled, “ An act in addition to an act”, entitled “An act to provide for certain persons engaged in the Land and Naval Service of the United States in the Revolutionary War”, passed on the eighteenth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, paged May 1, 1820; and having taken, subscribed and produced to this Court, the oath or affirmation by the said act required, and the said Court having heard evidence of the nature and value of property mentioned in the said schedule, and duly considered the premises are of the opinion that the property contained in the said schedule is of the value of twenty two dollars and fifty cents, and they hereby order their Clerk to certify the same in due form.

http://www.newyorkroots.org/ontario/military/smithedward.htm 		Smith, Edward (I27693)
 
1946 Edwards of Northampton

JOHN EDWARDS, GENTLEMAN
Born in 1727 in Wales, sixth son of Sir Thomas Edwards, Baron, he came to
America at about 23 years of age. One can only guess at his reason for coming.
Religious oppression, political pressure, the excitement and thrill of high adventure, or more possibly the lack of opportunity for self-expression under the common practice of inheritance by the oldest son may have motivated him.

There is little doubt that his kinsmen had preceded him over a period of more than a hundred years and were firmly established in the New World. He would have had no particular reason to come to, Northampton County unless there had been communication with family connections. At this time the influx of settlers was greater in the New York and Pennsylvania area than in the Carolinas and Virginia. A flood of emigrants was pouring into the country. The Edwards name appeared from New England to South Carolina and into Georgia. Dr. Lawrence Edwards, in his book "Old Speedwell Families", traces his family to William Edwards (1720-1808), son of Thomas. Very possibly he was of our family - brother of John. We do, not know how many, other than the three in our records, of these brothers came to America. His William Edwards came through the valley of Virginia across the mountains into Tennessee. There is little doubt that historians are correct in tracing another William, son of John - one of the four
brothers - to Kentucky where many prominent public servants originated, including the Governor of Illinois in 1826. It is most probable that the Edwards' of Isle of Wight, Southampton and Surry counties in Virginia and Bertie and Northampton counties in North Carolina were closely related.

When John Edwards came to Northampton the Tidewater was thickly settled.
Colonists had pushed westward to the mountains. The rights of the Eight Proprietors, to whom King Charles II had granted the territory from about Cape Kennedy to the Virginia line and westward to the "south seas" in 1633, had been reclaimed by King Goerge II with the exception of the one-eighth interest held by John Carteret, Earl of Granville. He would not sell to the Crown and still held title to a huge area along the Virginia-North Carolina line that was laid off in 1744 as his portion. Titles to land in Eastern North Carolina then were by deeds known as "Granville Grants", continued by him and his succeeding son Robert up until they lost their rights by reason of the American Revolution. In 1750 the New World was firmly held by the British as Royal Colonies.

It was still a raw land. There were practically no roads in the interior
and travel was by horseback where there were no navigable streams. Emigrants had never seen such a land before, much less hope to own a part of it, and they took up all the land they could get, clearing it as they could. By 1750 the most desirable land had changed hands several times. Away from the settlements on the Coast and in Eastern Virginia, schools were nonexistent. There was by then some wealth in North Carolina but it was far from being a place of fine homes and leisurely living. Another John Edwards, Clerk of Northampton Court, reported in 1754 that there were 902 white taxables (heads of families)and 837 blacks in the county. The now growing population and difficulty of travel made it expedient to form Northampton County from Bertie in 1741. This was the land
that John Edwards found on his arrival.

Traces of John Edwards, our ancestor, are limited. He married about the
time he bought property in 1752 - we do not know his wife's name. The family picked up the name "Elizabeth" from old deeds, but we cannot be sure. He had a son named Samuel Edwards. John's wife died and he was also in ill health, possibly from the swampy, low lying nature of his property, and he returned to England. He must have expected to return for he did not dispose of his real property. He did not return, however, but died - date unknown. His deed to the 167 acre farm, recorded in Book 2 page 47, was dated 30 April 1752. He paid thirty pounds for it in "current money of the Colony of Virginia", the accepted currency at that time. It is a long and flowery document, evidently prepared by a lawyer, and recited the title as having been by grant to John Godley on 2 Aug. 1729, sold by him to Daniel O'Quinn, who sold it to Isaac Hunter in Nov. 1741. His son Theophilus Hunter inherited it from him and sold it to "John Edwards,
Gentleman".

He was further identified on 11 Nov. 1755 as "John Edwards, Gentleman" when he proved the signature on a will. No other record of him is identifiable except for the written word of his heirs. Information about his marriage, his son Samuel and his return to England is from his grandchildren.

Whether or not he bought and sold other property is confused by the fact that there were at least three other "John Edwards' " in Northampton at the same time. His identity is established by the fact that his son Samuel returned to Northhampton and made his home on the property described in the deed, willing it along with other property he acquired to his heirs. Others of the same name left record of their heirs and there is no confusion between them.

What construction can be placed on the fact that the term "Gentleman" was
applied to him, absent in reference to the others of the same name, is an interesting conjecture. His father held a title, but John had little hope of inheriting it as a sixth son. Generally it appears to have had reference to one of considerable means who did not find it necessary to work with his hands. Samuel, his son, returned to America with sufficient funds to purchase considerable property, although only a boy. He could only have acquired it at his age by inheritance. This would picture John Edwards as a young man of
prestige and means whose health prevented him from becoming a part of the developing Nation.

John EDWARDS 1,2
Birth: 10 Feb 1727, Wales
Married: May 1750, Fauquier County, Virginia
Death: 16 Mar 1801, Greenville, SC

General Notes:

1. Came from Virginia in 1787 with his wife, Henrietta Ayers Edwards
2. There are two Edwards family cemetaries in the area. One located on Wade Hampton Blvd., and another located at Edwards Rd Baptist Church.

Marriage Information:

John married Henrietta AYERS, daughter of Thomas AYERS and Unknown, in May 1750 in Fauquier County, Virginia. (Henrietta AYERS was born in 1728.

Sources

1 Steve Skidgel, (http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/SC/Greenville Bios Greenville County Biographies).

2 P 191. Source Text: P 191 Will of John EDWARDS ....whole estate to my beloved HENRIETTA EDWARDS during her natural life whats hereafter mentioned to my children Daughter Sarah EDWARDS Son William EDWARDS Daughter Elizabeth BRIDWELL Daughter mary BRUCE (sp?) Son Joseph EDWARDS Son John EDWARDS Beloved wife Henrietta Edwards Six children-namely Elizabeth, Joseph, Mary, John, William, and Sarah. My friend Thomas EDWARDS and Pleasant HUDSON. Written Sept 29, 1799 John Edwards Witnesses: Mary Ann EDWARDS, Thomas EDWARDS Supposing John Edwards never should come, Item I will and bequeath what is for him to my daughter Sarah EDWARDS. Witness: Joseph MCAFEE, George ROSS Proven Mar 16, 1801 		Edwards, John (I29)
 
1947 EDWARDS, Calahill M, age 37, widowed, occ Farmer, s/o George A and Judieth A Edwards to Drusey Jones, age 40, widowed, d/o Rebecca Griffith 9 November 1865. Married by W.S. McDowell.
EDWARDS, George H, age 46, single, occ Farmer, s/o George A and Judy Edwards to Ann Rorer, age 40, single, d/o Jack and Francis Rorer 24 December 1864. Married by Abner Anthony Jr.

Name Spouse Marriage Date County State
CRIDER, WILLIAM Jr. EDWARDS, HARRIETT C. 07 Oct 1863 Pittsylvania VA
EDWARDS, COLLOHILL M. JONES, DRUSEY [Mrs] 09 Nov 1865 Pittsylvania VA

21st Infantry Regiment VA
Calahill participated in the following battles:
*******************************************
Fought on 09 August 1861 at Kernstown, VA.
Fought on 16 September 1861 at Taggert's Valley.
Fought on 09 November 1861.
Fought on 03 January 1862 at Bath, Morgan Co, VA.
Fought on 03 January 1862 at Morgan County, WV.
Fought on 15 March 1862 at Luray, VA.
Fought on 23 March 1862 at Kernstown, VA.
Fought on 23 March 1862 at Winchester, VA.
Fought on 08 May 1862 at McDowell, VA.
Fought on 27 June 1862 at Gaines' Mill, VA.
Fought on 22 July 1862.
Fought on 09 August 1862 at Cedar Mountain, VA.
Fought on 20 August 1862.
Fought on 29 August 1862 at 2nd Manassas, VA.
Fought on 30 August 1862 at 2nd Manassas, VA.
Fought on 30 August 1862 at Groveton, VA.
Fought on 17 September 1862 at Antietam, MD.
Fought on 17 September 1862 at Sharpsburg, MD.
Fought on 18 September 1862 at Antietam, MD.
Fought on 27 September 1862.
Fought on 13 December 1862 at Fredericksburg, VA.
Fought on 14 December 1862 at Fredericksburg, VA.

Buried in family plot on farm at Rondo, Virginia. 		Edwards, Calahill M (I24)
 
1948 Efterat ha utdannet sig merkantilt, drev han i mange aar bonde-handel i Torvegaarden i Bergen og deretter melhandel
sammesteds til 1903. 		Hille, Christen Severin (I23869)
 
1949 Egteviede 1799 Sogndal
d: 15 August af Stedje Sogn
Copuleret i .....
Hr: Ungk? Anders Daae, Sognepræst
til Lÿsters ....... og Jomfrue Catha-
rina Geelmÿden Fleischer
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/11658/51
Skannede kirkebøker
Sogn og Fjordane
Sogndal: 1795-1809, Ministerialbok
Kronologisk liste 1799 (045)
Folio 52 		Family: Anders Daae / Cathrine Geelmuyden Fleischer (F9376)
 
1950 Egteviet 1736 Vik
Onsdagen den 14. Novembr.
Corpulert af Provsten.
Weledle og welbaaren Hr. Capitain
Fridrich Wilhelm von Tuchsen
og Sær? welbemælte Provstens Datter
Jomfrue Karen Daae.
Kilde:
https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/11752/57
Skannede kirkebøker
Sogn og Fjordane
Vik / Vik: 1727-1740, Ministerialbok
Kronologisk liste 1736 (051)
Folio 57 		Family: Fredrik Wilhelm von Tuchsen / Karen Catherine Daae (F9279)
 

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