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Gabriel Priest

Male 1690 - 1755  (65 years)


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Generation: 1

  1. 1.  Gabriel Priest was born on 28 Jan 1690 in Bare Hill, Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA (son of John Priest and Rachel Garfield); died on 27 Mar 1755 in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

Generation: 2

  1. 2.  John Priest was born on 8 May 1648 in Woburn, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA (son of John Priest and Sarah Allerton); died on 21 Dec 1704 in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

    John married Rachel Garfield on 10 Mar 1678 in Watertown, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA. Rachel was born on 23 Nov 1656 in Watertown, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 17 May 1737 in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 3.  Rachel Garfield was born on 23 Nov 1656 in Watertown, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 17 May 1737 in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    Children:
    1. Hannah Priest was born in 1675 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; died in 1721.
    2. Elizabeth Priest was born on 12 Sep 1679 in Woburn, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 3 Dec 1754 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    3. John Priest was born on 1 Nov 1681 in Woburn, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 29 Sep 1756 in Bolton, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    4. Daniel Priest was born on 19 Jul 1686 in Woburn, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 9 Oct 1723 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    5. Mary Priest was born in 1690 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; died on 21 Jan 1763 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    6. 1. Gabriel Priest was born on 28 Jan 1690 in Bare Hill, Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; died on 27 Mar 1755 in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    7. Joseph Priest was born in 1692 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; died on 1 Nov 1781 in Berlin, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    8. Mary Miller was born on 25 Apr 1696 in Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 21 Jan 1763 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
    9. Jeremiah Priest was born in 1700 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.


Generation: 3

  1. 4.  John Priest was born in 1616 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands (son of Degory Priest and Sarah Ann Allerton); died on 31 Dec 1704 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Residence: Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA

    John married Sarah Allerton in 1647 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. Sarah (daughter of Isaac Allerton and Fear Brewster) was born on 23 May 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; died in 1651 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 5.  Sarah Allerton was born on 23 May 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA (daughter of Isaac Allerton and Fear Brewster); died in 1651 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.
    Children:
    1. 2. John Priest was born on 8 May 1648 in Woburn, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 21 Dec 1704 in Harvard, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.


Generation: 4

  1. 8.  Degory Priest was born on 11 Aug 1582 in Hartland, Devon, England (son of Peter Priest Prust and Joanna); died on 11 Jan 1621 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

    Degory married Sarah Ann Allerton on 4 Nov 1611 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands. Sarah (daughter of Edward Allerton and Rose Davis) was born in 1588 in North Andrew Parish, Undershaft, London, England; died on 24 Oct 1633 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 9.  Sarah Ann Allerton was born in 1588 in North Andrew Parish, Undershaft, London, England (daughter of Edward Allerton and Rose Davis); died on 24 Oct 1633 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Arrival: 1623, Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA
    • Married: 1625, Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA

    Notes:

    According to www.mayflowerfamilies.com

    Sarah Allerton left Leiden, Netherlands in 1623 on the Anne. She traveled with her third husband, Godbert Godbertson, and her two children, Mary and Sarah Priest. Mary and Sarah Priest were daughters of her second husband, Degory Priest. Degory Priest was a passenger on the Mayflower without his wife and children. He died at the start of 1621.

    http://www.mayflowerfamilies.com/mayflower/degory_priest_fami ly.htm

    Children:
    1. Mary Priest was born on 11 Dec 1613 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; died on 1 Jan 1671 in Charlestown, Suffolk, Massachusetts, USA.
    2. Sarah Priest was born in 1614 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; died on 1 Aug 1648 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.
    3. 4. John Priest was born in 1616 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; died on 31 Dec 1704 in Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

  3. 10.  Isaac Allerton was born in Sep 1583 in , Suffolk, England (son of Edward Allerton and Rose Davis); died on 12 Feb 1659 in New London, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; was buried in New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Name: Isaac Allerton
    • Arrival: 1620, Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA
    • Residence: 1620, Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA
    • Residence: 1632, Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA

    Notes:

    Birth: 1586, England
    Death: Feb., 1659
    New Haven
    New Haven County
    Connecticut, USA

    Isaac, his wife Mary Norris and daughter Mary Allerton immigrated to the colonies aboard the 'Mayflower' in November 1620. Isaac is the 5th signer of the Mayflower Compact. Isaac along with many of the 'First Comers' migrated from England to Leiden, Leiden, Zuid-Holland Province Netherlands to practice religious freedom. He was Governor Bradford's assistant and in 1627 was elected by the colonists to return to London, England to negotiate the Plymouth Colony's buyout of the Merchant Adventurers, the investors who had originally funded the Colony.

    Husband of Mary Norris and Fear Brewster. Father of Mary Allerton Cushman and Isaac Allerton, Jr. He is also the ancestor of Presidents Zachary Taylor and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

    Spouses:
    Mary Norris Allerton (1590 - 1621)
    Fear Brewster Allerton (1606 - 1634)*
    Joanna Swinnerton Allerton*

    Children:
    Child Allerton (____ - 1620)*
    Bartholomew Allerton (1613 - ____)*
    Remember Allerton Maverick (1615 - ____)*
    Mary Allerton Cushman (1616 - 1699)*
    Baby Allerton (1620 - 1620)*
    Sarah Allerton (1626 - ____)*
    Isaac Allerton (1627 - 1702)*

    Burial:
    Center Church on the Green Churchyard
    New Haven
    New Haven County
    Connecticut, USA


    The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the Separatists, also known as the "Saints", fleeing from religious persecution by King James of Great Britain. They traveled aboard the Mayflower in 1620 along with adventurers, tradesmen, and servants, most of whom were referred to as "Strangers".

    The Mayflower Compact was signed aboard ship on November 11, 1620 by most adult men (but not by most crew and adult male servants). The Pilgrims used the Julian Calendar, also known as Old Style dates, which, at that time, was ten days behind the Gregorian Calendar. Signing the covenant were 41 of the ship's 101 passengers, while the Mayflower was anchored in what is now Provincetown Harbor within the hook at the northern tip of Cape Cod.

    Reasons for the Compact

    The Mayflower was originally bound for the Colony of Virginia, financed by the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London. Storms forced the landing to be at the hook of Cape Cod in what is now Massachusetts. This inspired some of the passengers to proclaim that since the settlement would not be made in the agreed upon Virginia territory, they "would use their own liberty; for none had power to command them....". To prevent this, many of the other colonists chose to establish a government. The Mayflower Compact was based simultaneously upon a majoritarian model (even though the signers were not in the majority) and the settlers' allegiance to the king. It was in essence a social contract in which the settlers consented to follow the compact's rules and regulations for the sake of survival.

    In November 1620, the Mayflower landed at Plymouth, named after the major port city in Devon, England from which she sailed. The settlers named their settlement "Plimoth" or "Plimouth", using the Early Modern English spellings of the early 17th century.

    Although the original document has been lost, three versions exist from the 17th century: printed in Mourt's Relation (1622), which was reprinted in Purchas his Pilgrimes (1625), hand written by William Bradford in his journal Of Plimoth Plantation (1646), and printed by Bradford's nephew Nathaniel Morton in New-Englands Memorial (1669). The three versions differ slightly in wording and significantly in spelling, capitalization and punctuation. William Bradford wrote the first part of Mourt's Relation, including its version of the compact, so he wrote two of the three versions. The wording of those two versions is indeed quite similar, unlike that of Morton. Bradford's handwritten manuscript is kept in a vault at the State Library of Massachusetts.

    Modern version:
    In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith, etc.
    Having undertaken, for the Glory of God, and advancements of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God, and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic; for our better ordering, and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.
    In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the 11th of November, in the year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, 1620.

    The 'dread sovereign' referred to in the document used the archaic definition of dread—meaning awe and reverence (for the King), not fear. Also, the document was signed under the Old Style Julian calendar, since England did not adopt the Gregorian calendar until 1752. The Gregorian date would be November 21.

    Signers

    A list of 41 male passengers who signed the document was supplied by Bradford's nephew Nathaniel Morton in his 1669 New England's Memorial. Thomas Prince first numbered the names in his 1736 A Chronological History of New-England in the form of Annals. Because the original document has been lost, Morton (1669) is our sole source for the signers. Although he probably had access to the original document, he could not have known simply by inspecting it the actual order that it was signed. Morton's arrangement of names is probably not the arrangement of names on the original document, and the names may not have been arranged in any orderly fashion. Prince's numbers are based solely on Morton (1669) as he himself stated. His numbers are unfortunate because he could not have known the order that the original document was signed.

    Morton's list of names was unnumbered and untitled in all editions although their order changed with successive editions. In his original 1669 edition, the columns were placed on two successive pages (15–16) forming six short columns, three columns of seven names each (headed Carver, Samuel Fuller, and Edward Tilley) on the first page and three columns of seven, seven, and six names each (headed Turner, Priest, and Clarke) on the next page.[6] In the second (1721) and third (1772) editions, the six short columns were joined into three long columns of 14, 14, and 13 names each on a single page (20). The first and fourth short columns were joined into the first long column (headed Carver with Turner halfway down), the second and fifth short columns were joined into the second long column (headed Samuel Fuller with Priest halfway down), and the third and sixth short columns were joined into the third long column (headed Edward Tilley with Clarke halfway down), changing their order. In the fifth (1826) and sixth (1855) editions, the names were also in three long columns of 14, 14, and 13 names each on one page (1826: 38, 1855: 26), but now they were placed in their original 1669 order. The first and second short columns formed the first long column (headed Carver with Samuel Fuller halfway down), the third and fourth short columns formed the second long column (headed Edward Tilley with Turner halfway down), and the fifth and sixth short columns formed the third long column (headed Priest with Clarke halfway down). Both long column orders appear in modern lists of unnumbered signers.

    Prince numbered the names in their original 1669 Morton order (the same as the 1826/55 Morton order) on successive pages (85–86), two columns of eight names each on one page (headed 1 Carver and 9 Martin) and two columns of 13 and 12 names each on the next page (headed 17 Cooke and 30 Williams). The third (1852) edition placed these numbered names in two columns (the first column headed 1 Carver with 8 Samuel Fuller and 15 Edward Tilley below, and the second column headed 22 Turner with 29 Priest and 36 Clarke below) on a single page (172). He added titles (Mr. or Capt.) to eleven names given those titles by William Bradford in the list of passengers at the end of his manuscript.[1][10] He attributed the lack of Mr. Bradford to Bradford's modesty. Prince's numbered order of signers is now used to identify ancestors in genealogical charts.[6]

    The following list of signers is organized into the six short columns of Morton (1669) with the numbers and titles of Prince. The names are given their modern spelling according to Morison (1966).[14]

    Mr. John Carver
    William Bradford
    Mr. Edward Winslow
    Mr. William Brewster
    Mr. Isaac Allerton
    Capt. Myles Standish
    John Alden

    Mr. Samuel Fuller
    Mr. Christopher Martin
    Mr. William Mullins
    Mr. William White
    Mr. Richard Warren
    John Howland
    Mr. Stephen Hopkins

    Edward Tilley
    John Tilley
    Francis Cooke
    Thomas Rogers
    Thomas Tinker
    John Rigsdale
    Edward Fuller

    John Turner
    Francis Eaton
    James Chilton
    John Crackstone
    John Billington
    Moses Fletcher
    John Goodman

    Degory Priest
    Thomas Williams
    Gilbert Winslow
    Edmund Margeson
    Peter Browne
    Richard Britteridge
    George Soule

    Richard Clarke
    Richard Gardiner
    John Allerton
    Thomas English
    Edward Doty
    Edward Lester

    Separatists

    Priscilla (Mullins) Alden
    Isaac Allerton
    Mary Allerton
    William Bradford
    Dorothy Bradford
    Love Brewster
    William Brewster
    Peter Browne
    William Butten
    John Carver
    James Chilton
    Mary Chilton
    Francis Cooke
    Humility Cooper
    John Crackstone
    Edward Doty
    Moses Fletcher
    Edward Fuller
    Samuel Fuller
    Constance Hopkins
    Oceanus Hopkins
    John Howland
    Degory Priest
    Thomas Rogers
    Henry Samson
    George Soule
    Edward Tilley
    John Tilley
    Thomas Tinker
    John Turner
    William White
    Resolved White
    Peregrine White
    Edward Winslow


    Other Passengers

    John Alden
    John Billington
    Francis Eaton
    Stephen Hopkins
    Christopher Martin
    Elinor More
    Jasper More
    Mary More
    Richard More
    William Mullins
    Myles Standish
    Richard Warren


    Native American associates

    Squanto
    Samoset
    Hobomok
    Massasoit
    Corbitant


    Volume 1:
    http://www.archive.org/details/brewstergenealog190801jone

    Volume 2 (with name index in the back for research):
    http://www.archive.org/details/brewstergenealog190802jone

    Isaac married Fear Brewster on 22 May 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. Fear (daughter of William Brewster, IV and Mary Love Wentworth) was born in 1606 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 12 Dec 1634 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 11.  Fear Brewster was born in 1606 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England (daughter of William Brewster, IV and Mary Love Wentworth); died on 12 Dec 1634 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Arrival: 1623, , , Massachusetts, USA

    Notes:

    Fear Allerton Born Fear Brewster
    c. 1606
    Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England Died c. 1634
    probably Massachusetts, British Empire Nationality English Subject Known for Early American Settler Spouse(s)Isaac Allerton Children Isaac Allerton Jr., Sarah Allerton Parents William Brewster, Mary Brewster

    Fear Allerton née Brewster (c. 1606 - before December 12, 1634) was a woman in Colonial America. She was the third daughter of Mayflower Pilgrim William Brewster and his wife Mary, born in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England. She was named Fear because at the time of her birth, the Puritans were holding secret meetings and were under constant threat of arrest. Her early years, and indeed her whole life, were full of unrest. In 1608 she moved, along with the other pilgrims, to Amsterdam (and later Leiden).

    Fear was only 14 when her parents and two younger brothers, Love and Wrestling, left for America on the Mayflower. She was left in the care of her older siblings, Jonathan (born in 1593) and Patience (born in 1600). Jonathan joined the pilgrims in 1621 on board the Fortune. Fear arrived in America with Patience on board the Anne in July 1623.

    Fear married Isaac Allerton, another Mayflower pilgrim, around 1626. He was 20 years her senior. They had a son, Isaac Allerton Jr., born about 1627. There is speculation that they had a daughter, Sarah Allerton, who was baptised on August 13, 1633 and probably died in infancy.

    Fear died young, but the exact date is unknown. She died sometime before her sister Patience's death December 12, 1634.
    Persondata Name Brewster, Fear
    Place of birth Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England
    Place of death probably Massachusetts, British Empire
    Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fear_Brewster&oldid=524390280"
    Categories:

    Fear arrived July 1623 on the ship Anne with her Aunt Patience Brewster.

    Fear Allerton née Brewster (c. 1606 - before December 12, 1634) was the third daughter of Mayflower Pilgrim William Brewster and his wife Mary, born in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England. She was named Fear because at the time of her birth, the Puritans were holding secret meetings and were under constant threat of arrest. Her early years, and indeed her whole life, were full of unrest. In 1608 she moved, along with the other pilgrims, to Amsterdam (and later Leiden).

    Fear was only 14 when her parents and two younger brothers, Love and Wrestling, left for America on the Mayflower. She was left in the care of her older siblings, Jonathan (born in 1593) and Patience (born in 1600). Jonathan joined the pilgrims in 1621 on board the Fortune. Fear arrived in America with Patience on board the Anne in July 1623.

    Children:
    1. Isaac Allerton, Jr was born on 22 May 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; died on 25 Oct 1702 in Cole, Westmoreland, Virginia, USA.
    2. 5. Sarah Allerton was born on 23 May 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; died in 1651 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.


Generation: 5

  1. 16.  Peter Priest Prust was born in 1550 in , , , England; died in , , , England.

    Peter + Joanna. Joanna was born in 1550 in , , , England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 17.  Joanna was born in 1550 in , , , England.
    Children:
    1. 8. Degory Priest was born on 11 Aug 1582 in Hartland, Devon, England; died on 11 Jan 1621 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

  3. 18.  Edward Allerton was born on 12 Oct 1553 in St Dionis Backchurch, London, England; died on 26 Jan 1590 in St Dionis Backchurch, London, England; was buried in Newham, London, England.

    Edward married Rose Davis on 14 Feb 1579 in St Dionis Backchurch, London, England. Rose was born in 1559 in St Peter, London, England; died on 23 Jun 1596 in London, London, England; was buried in Newham, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 19.  Rose Davis was born in 1559 in St Peter, London, England; died on 23 Jun 1596 in London, London, England; was buried in Newham, London, England.
    Children:
    1. 10. Isaac Allerton was born in Sep 1583 in , Suffolk, England; died on 12 Feb 1659 in New London, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; was buried in New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
    2. 9. Sarah Ann Allerton was born in 1588 in North Andrew Parish, Undershaft, London, England; died on 24 Oct 1633 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

  5. 22.  William Brewster, IV was born on 24 Jan 1566 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England (son of William Brewster and Mary Smyth); died on 10 Apr 1644 in Duxbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Arrival: 1620, Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA

    Notes:

    Birth: 1566
    Scrooby
    Nottinghamshire, England
    Death: Apr. 10, 1644 Plymouth
    Cemetery: Burial Hill Cemetery Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States

    Pilgrim colonist, leader and preacher
    Elder William Brewster came from Scrooby, in north Nottinghamshire and reached what became the Plymouth Colony in the Mayflower in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. The town of Brewster, Barnstable, MA was incorporated Febr 19, 1803 and was named for Elder William Brewster. A large part of the inhabitants being his descendants
    William Brewster attended Peterhouse College, Cambridge 1580-1583; was postmaster and baliff-receiver at Scrooby, England 1590-1607. Organized Scrooby congregation 1606-1609; removed his family to Amsterdam and later to Leyden, Holland where he tutored 1609-1616 and was ruling Elder 1616-1619. He was in flight and hiding in England in 1619-1620 while arranging passage to New England. William, his wife and two youngest sons arrived Plymouth via the Mayflower in 1620. At Plymouth, William was Ruling Elder until 1643. He was also purchaser 1626; Undertaker 1627-1641

    Spouse:
    Mary Brewster (1570 - 1627)*

    Children:
    Patience Brewster Prence (1590 - 1634)*
    Jonathan Brewster (1593 - 1659)*
    Fear Brewster Allerton (1606 - 1634)*
    Love Brewster (1611 - 1651)*
    Wrestling Brewster (1614 - ____)*


    Volume 1: The Brewster Genealogy 1566-1907
    http://www.archive.org/details/brewstergenealog190801jone
    Volume 2 (with name index in the back for research):
    http://www.archive.org/details/brewstergenealog190802jone



    William Brewster (c. 1566 – 10 April 1644) was an English official and Mayflower passenger in 1620. In Plymouth Colony he became a Separatists leader and preacher.[1]
    Contents

    William Brewster was most probably born in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England, about 1566, and died at Plymouth, Massachusetts on 10 April 1644. He was the son of William Brewster and Mary (Smythe) (Simkinson) and he had a number of half-siblings. His paternal grandparents were William Brewster (1510–1558), and Maud Mann (1513–1558). His maternal grandfather was William Smythe (1505–1560).[2][3]

    He studied briefly at Peterhouse, Cambridge before entering the service of William Davison in 1584.[4] Brewster was the only Pilgrim with political and diplomatic experience. With his mentor in prison, Brewster had returned home to Scrooby for a time, where he took up his father’s former position as postmaster.[5] Cambridge was a centre of thought concerning religious reformism, but Brewster had spent time in the Netherlands in connection with Davison's work, giving him opportunity to hear and see more of reformed religion. While, earlier in the 16th century, reformers had hoped to amend the Anglican church, by the end of it, many were looking toward splitting from it.[6] (See Brownist.)

    Restrictions and pressures applied by the authorities convinced the congregation of a need to emigrate to the more sympathetic atmosphere of Holland, but leaving England without permission was illegal at the time, so that departure was a complex matter. On its first attempt, in 1607, the group was arrested at Scotia Creek, but in 1608 Brewster and others were successful in leaving from The Humber. In 1609, he was selected as ruling elder of the congregation.[5]
    Life in Holland[edit]
    A rare 17th-century "Brewster Chair," named after the original owned by William Brewster[7]

    William lived near Pieterskerk (St Peter’s church] with his wife and children. He taught English to Leiden University students and was also a printer of religious pamphlets. His son, Jonathan, was a ribbonweaver. William was chosen as assistant and later as an elder to Pastor John Robinson. He was still an elder when he travelled to Plymouth Colony in 1620.[3]

    In Leiden, the group managed to make a living. Brewster taught English and later, in 1616–1619, as the partner of one Thomas Brewer, printed and published religious books for sale in England, though they were proscribed there. In 1619, Brewster and Edward Winslow published a religious tract critical of the English king and his bishops. James ordered Brewster’s arrest, and when the king’s agents in Holland came to seize the Pilgrim elder, Brewster was forced into hiding just as preparations to depart for America entered the most critical phase. The printing type was seized by the authorities from the English ambassador, Sir Dudley Carleton, and Brewster's partner was arrested. Brewster escaped and, with the help of Robert Cushman and Sir Edwin Sandys, obtained a land patent from the London Virginia Company on behalf of himself and his colleagues.[8]

    With Brewster in hiding, the Separatists looked to their deacon John Carver and to Robert Cushman to carry on negotiations with the appropriate officials in London.[9] In 1620 when it came time for the Mayflower departure, Elder Brewster returned to the Leiden congregation. He had been hiding out in Holland and perhaps even England for the last year. At the time of his return, Brewster was the highest-ranking layperson of the congregation and would be their designated spiritual leader in the New World.[10]

    Brewster joined the first group of Separatists aboard the Mayflower on the voyage to North America. Brewster was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons: Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster.[11]
    Mayflower voyage[edit]

    Among children boarding the Mayflower were four children from Shipton in Shropshire placed as indentured servants with senior Separatists with William Brewster, John Carver and Robert Cushman, on behalf of Samuel More, husband of the children’s mother Katherine More. The children were placed without their mother’s permission after four rancorous years between the More adults over charges of adultery against Katherine More with her longtime lover, the children’s alleged father. Two children were placed with William and Mary Brewster – Mary More, age four and Richard More, age five. Mary was to die in the winter of 1620 as did two other siblings. Only Richard survived and lived with them until approximately 1627. The event has become a bizarre 17th century historic incident. It is not known what Brewster knew about the More children.[12]
    Signing the Mayflower Compact 1620, a painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris 1899

    The Mayflower departed Plymouth, England on 6/16 September 1620. The small, 100-foot ship had 102 passengers and a crew of about 30–40 in extremely cramped conditions. By the second month out the ship was buffeted by strong westerly gales. The ship‘s timbers were badly shaken with caulking failing to keep out sea water. Passengers laid wet and ill even when in their berths. This, combined with a poor rations and unsanitary conditions for several months attributed to what would be fatal for many, especially the majority of women and children. On the journey there were two deaths, a crew member and a passenger. The worst was yet to come after arriving at their destination. In the space of several months almost half the passengers perished in the cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter.[13]

    On 9/19 November 1620, after about 3 months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on 11/21 November. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day.[13][14]
    Landing and life in the New World[edit]

    When the colonists landed at Plymouth Colony, Brewster became the senior elder of the colony, serving as its religious leader and as an adviser to Governor William Bradford. Brewster's son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the Anne.[15]

    As the only university educated member of the colony, Brewster took the part of the colony's religious leader until a pastor, Ralph Smith, arrived in 1629. Thereafter, he continued to preach irregularly until his death in April 1644. “He was tenderhearted and compassionate of such as were in misery,” Bradford write, “but especially of such as had been of good estate and rank and fallen unto want and poverty.” [16]

    Brewster was granted land amongst the islands of Boston Harbor, and four of the outer islands (Great Brewster, Little Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster) now bear his name. In 1632, Brewster received lands in nearby Duxbury and removed from Plymouth to create a farm there.[17]

    In 1634, smallpox and influenza ravaged both the English and the Indians in the region. William Brewster, whose family had managed to survive the first terrible winter unscathed, lost two daughters, Fear and Patience, now married to Isaac Allerton and Thomas Prence, respectively.[18]

    William Brewster died and was buried on 10 April 1644 at Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts. At present, a gravestone/memorial stone exists there for him. The memorial stone states that it is in honor of "Elder William Brewster Patriarch of the Pilgrims and their Ruling Elder 1609–1644". The burial place of his wife Mary "Mayflower", who died in 1627, is unknown."[19]
    Family[edit]
    Title page of a pamphlet published by William Brewster in Leiden

    Sometime before 1593, in England, William Brewster married Mary "Mayflower" Wentworth, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, Esquire (1522–1574), and Grace Gascoigne (1532–1574).[20][21][22][23][24] She was born in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England in 1569. She 'dyed at Plymouth, Massachusetts on 17 April 1627.' (Brewster Book).* Bradford says that, though she died ' long before' her husband, 'yet she dyed aged,' but by her affidavit of 1609 she was less than sixty years of age and it is probable that her ' great & continuall labours, with others crosses, and sorrows, hastened it (t. a. old age) before y* time.'[25]

    The children of William and Mary were:

    Elder Jonathan Brewster (12 August 1593 – 7 August 1659) married Lucretia Oldham of Derby on 10 April 1624,[23][26][27][28][29] and were the parents of eight children.
    Patience Brewster (c. 1600 – 12 December 1634)[23] married Gov. Thomas Prence of Lechlade, Gloucestershire, 4 children.
    Fear Brewster (c. 1606 – before 1634)[23] so called because she was born at the height of the Puritans' persecution. Married Isaac Allerton of London, 2 children.
    Unnamed child was born, died and buried in 1609 in Leiden, Holland.[23]
    Love Brewster was born in Leiden, Holland about 1611 and died between 6 October 1650 and 31 January 1650/1, at Duxbury, Massachusetts.[23][30][31] At the age of about 9, he travelled with his father, mother and brother, Wrestling, on the Mayflower to Plymouth, Massachusetts. He married Sarah Collier in Plymouth, Massachusetts on 15 May 1634. Love and Sarah were the parents of 4 children.
    Wrestling Brewster was born in 1614 in Leiden, Holland; was living in 1627, died unmarried before the 1644 settlement of his father's estate.[23]

    William married Mary Love Wentworth in 1592 in , Nottinghamshire, England. Mary (daughter of Thomas Wentworth and Grace Margaret (Lady) Gascoigne) was born in Sep 1568 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 17 Apr 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  6. 23.  Mary Love Wentworth was born in Sep 1568 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England (daughter of Thomas Wentworth and Grace Margaret (Lady) Gascoigne); died on 17 Apr 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Arrival: 1620, Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA

    Children:
    1. Elizabeth Brewster (Emerson) was born on 26 Jul 1584 in St Michael, Hertfordshire, England; died on 10 Aug 1638 in Ipswich, Essex, Massachusetts, USA.
    2. William Brewster was born in 1585 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 10 Aug 1608 in Jamestown, James City, Virginia, USA.
    3. Wrestling Brewster was born in 1587 in , Nottinghamshire, England; died on 20 Jun 1609 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
    4. Mary Brewster was born in 1590 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 16 Apr 1627 in Hol, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
    5. Sarah Brewster was born in 1592.
    6. Jonathan Brewster was born on 12 Aug 1593 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 7 Aug 1659 in Norwich, New London, Connecticut, USA.
    7. Patience Brewster was born in 1600 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 12 Dec 1634 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.
    8. Wrestling Brewster was born in 1605 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 22 May 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.
    9. 11. Fear Brewster was born in 1606 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 12 Dec 1634 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.
    10. Abigail Brewster was born in 1608 in Holland, Reusel-de Mierden, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands; died on 20 Jun 1609 in St Pancras, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
    11. Love Brewster was born on 20 Jun 1609 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; died in 1651 in Duxbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.


Generation: 6

  1. 44.  William Brewster was born in 1535 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England (son of William Brewster, II and Maude Brewster); died on 10 Aug 1590 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England.

    William married Mary Smyth in 1563 in Stainforth, Yorkshire, England. Mary was born in 1535 in , Nottinghamshire, England; died in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 45.  Mary Smyth was born in 1535 in , Nottinghamshire, England; died in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England.
    Children:
    1. 22. William Brewster, IV was born on 24 Jan 1566 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 10 Apr 1644 in Duxbury, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA; was buried in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.

  3. 46.  Thomas Wentworth was born in 1522 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 27 Mar 1574 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England.

    Thomas + Grace Margaret (Lady) Gascoigne. Grace was born in 1517 in Gawthorpe, Lansingcroft, Yorkshire, England; died on 27 Mar 1574 in Lassingcroft, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 47.  Grace Margaret (Lady) Gascoigne was born in 1517 in Gawthorpe, Lansingcroft, Yorkshire, England; died on 27 Mar 1574 in Lassingcroft, Yorkshire, England.
    Children:
    1. 23. Mary Love Wentworth was born in Sep 1568 in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 17 Apr 1627 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA.