Judith Bowles Hone Robinson

Judith married Lt Colonel John Armistead in 1656 in , Gloucester, Virginia, USA. John (son of William Armistead and Anne Netherton Ellis) was born in Apr 1635 in Elizabeth City, Elizabeth City, Virginia, USA; died on 2 Oct 1703 in Hesse, Gloucester, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Judith married Robert "King" Carter in 1678 in Hesse, Mathews, Virginia, USA. Robert (son of Colonel John Carter and Sarah Ludlow) was born on 4 Aug 1663 in Corotoman Plantation, Lancaster, Virginia, USA; died on 4 Aug 1732 in Corotoman Plantation, Lancaster, Virginia, USA; was buried in Weems, Lancaster, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Churchill. William was born on 2 Dec 1649 in North Aston, Oxfordshire, England; died in 1710 in Bushy Park, Middlesex, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Anna Kendall Lee in 1693 in , Gloucester, Virginia, USA. Anna (daughter of Hancock Lee and Mary Kendall) was born on 5 Jan 1681 in Ditchley, Northumberland, Virginia, USA; died in Oct 1754 in Hancocks Neck, Northumberland, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Martha Bacon Burwell in 1700 in , Gloucester, Virginia, USA. Martha (daughter of Lewis Burwell, II and Abigail Bacon Smith) was born on 16 Nov 1685 in Fairfield, Gloucester, Virginia, USA; died on 27 May 1735 in Hesse, Gloucester, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Nathaniel Burwell. Nathaniel (son of Lewis Burwell and Lucy Tokesay Higginson) was born in 1653 in , Gloucester, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Judith married Honorable Mann Randolph Page, Judge, Kings Council on 26 Jul 1718 in , Lancaster, Virginia, USA. Mann (son of Hon Capt Matthew Page, Esquire and Mary) was born in 1691 in Timberneck Plantation, Gloucester, Virginia, USA; died on 24 Jan 1730 in Rosewell Plantation, Gloucester, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Shirley Plantation
Shirley Plantation is Virginia's first plantation (1613) and one of the first economic engines of the new world. Only six years after John Smith's settlement at Jamestown, the crown grant carving Shirley Plantation out of the Virginia frontier was established. The chronicle of Shirley Plantation best exemplifies the period in our nation's history between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the movement towards American independence from Great Britain in 1776. During its long history and under the leadership of one family, Shirley Plantation has survived the Indian Uprising, Bacon's Rebellion, the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and the Great Depression.

Shirley Plantation is the oldest family-owned business in North America dating back to 1638. Construction of the present mansion began in 1723 when Elizabeth Hill, great-granddaughter of the first Hill, married John Carter, eldest son of Robert "King" Carter. Completed in 1738, the mansion, referred to as the “Great House,” is largely in its original state and is owned, operated, and lived in by direct descendants of Edward Hill.

The guided tour of the Great House highlights original family furnishings, portraits, silver, and hand-carved woodwork as well as stories of the Hill-Carter family, eye witnesses to eleven generations of American history. As one architectural historian contends," Shirley Plantation is the most intact 18th century estate in Virginia". Several features such as the "Flying Staircase" and the Queen Anne Forecourt are the only remaining examples in America of this architectural style.

John married Mary Brent on 24 Oct 1717 in Christ Church, Middlesex, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Elizabeth Hill on 6 Oct 1723 in Shirley Plantation, Charles City, Virginia, USA. Elizabeth (daughter of Colonel Edward Hill, II and Mary Aston) was born on 23 Apr 1667 in Shirley Plantation, Charles City, Virginia, USA; died on 4 Jan 1761 in Shirley Plantation, Charles City, Virginia, USA; was buried in Shirley Plantation, Charles City, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert Carter, II. Robert (son of Robert "King" Carter and Elizabeth Landon) was born on 20 Jan 1704 in Corotoman Plantation, Lancaster, Virginia, USA; died on 12 May 1732 in Nomini Hall Plantation, Westmoreland, Virginia, USA; was buried in Nomini, Westmoreland, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married James Burwell in 1711 in Kings Creek Plantation, York, Virginia, USA. James (son of Lewis Burwell, II and Abigail Bacon Smith) was born on 4 Feb 1690 in Fairfield, Gloucester, Virginia, USA; died on 6 Oct 1718 in Cheatham Cemetery, Yorktown, York, Virginia, USA; was buried in Yorktown, York, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Major General Philip Lightfoot on 6 Oct 1719 in , , Virginia, USA. Philip (son of Philip Lightfoot and Alice Corbin) was born in 1689 in Yorktown, York, Virginia, USA; died on 30 May 1748 in Sandy Point, Charles City, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anna married Anthony Walke on 4 Apr 1725 in , , Virginia, USA. Anthony (son of Thomas Walke and Mary Lawson) was born in Dec 1692 in Fairfield Plantation, Kempsville, Princess Anne, Virginia, USA; died on 8 Nov 1768 in Fairfield Plantation, Kempsville, Princess Anne, Virginia, USA; was buried in Virginia Beach, Independent Cities, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Lewis Burwell in 1716 in , Gloucester, Virginia, USA. Lewis (son of Lewis Burwell, II and Abigail Bacon Smith) was born on 9 Oct 1682 in Fairfield, Gloucester, Virginia, USA; died on 7 Sep 1744 in Kings Mill, James City, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eleanor Bowles. Eleanor was born on 13 Jun 1727 in , , Maryland, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Mary Addison Bowles on 2 Feb 1739 in , Gloucester, Virginia, USA. Mary was born on 14 Sep 1720 in , , Maryland, USA; died in 1767 in , Gloucester, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Sarah Champe in 1755. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Accidentally at Westover

Elizabeth married William Byrd on 14 Apr 1748 in Corotoman Plantation, Lancaster, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1779, , Stafford, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1803, Shirley Plantation, Charles City, Virginia, USA
• Probate: 20 Nov 1805, , Charles City, Virginia, USA

Notes:

Charles Carter
Birth: 1732
Death: Jun. 24, 1806 Charles City County Virginia, USA
During the first War for American Independence (1776-1783) Shirley Plantation and the Carter's of Shirley played a vital role in the forming of the new nation. Charles Carter, fifth generation owner of Shirley, was a loyal member of the House of Burgesses. He was member of the House representing two localities, Lancaster and Charles City County, from 1758 until 1774. The reasons this membership ceased was due to the Declaration of Independence being signed and the House of Burgesses was dissolved by Governor Lord Dunmore. Charles then served as a member of Virginia Convention of March and December, 1775. He then served in Charles City County Militia during the Revolutionary War, but records do not indicate that he saw any action. Charles allowed his James River home of Shirley to serve as a supply depot for the Continental Army towards the end of the war. This action allowed the Marquis de Lafayette to supply his army with the munitions and armaments needed to besiege Yorktown, ultimately resulting in General Lord Cornwallis' surrender and the United States of America becoming an independent and sovereign nation.

Charles Carter's will of 1803 reads: "That is to say I commend my body to the Earth to be decently laid near my honored parents as soon after my decease as may be convenient, without any funeral pomp and nothing but the burial service to be read over my grave by the parson of the Parish (should we be so fortunate as to have one among us) for which trouble, I desire he may be amply paid: And when this my departure may happen, I earnestly request of my family and friends that they do not go into mourning or wear black clothes; and this whim I expect they will gratify me in, as I always thought the custom absurd and extravagant answering no good purpose that I know of."

Parents:
John Carter (1690 - 1742)
Elizabeth Hill Carter Cocke (1703 - 1771)
Spouse:
Anne Butler Moore Carter (1750 - 1809)
Children:
Robert Hill Carter (1774 - 1806)
Bernard Carter (1776 - 1776)
John Carter (1777 - 1784)
Catherine Spotswood Carter Berkeley (1778 - 1809)
Anne Hill Carter Lee (1779 - 1829)
Bernard Moore Carter (1780 - 1843)
Butler Carter (1784 - 1786)
Infant Daughter Carter (1792 - 1792)
Infant Carter (1794 - 1794)
Calphemia Carter (1796 - 1797)

Burial: Shirley Plantation, Shirley, Charles City County, Virginia, USA

Charles married Mary Carter in 1756 in , Lancaster, Virginia, USA. Mary (daughter of Charles Carter and Mary Walker) was born in 1736 in Cleve Plantation, King George, Virginia, USA; died on 30 Jan 1770 in Corotoman Plantation, Lancaster, Virginia, USA; was buried in Weems, Lancaster, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Annie Butler Moore in 1771 in , Lancaster, Virginia, USA. Annie (daughter of Bernard Moore Sr and Anne Catherine Spotswood) was born in 1756 in , Westmoreland, Virginia, USA; died on 16 Apr 1809 in Shirley Plantation, Charles City, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

History of the Carter Family – Nomini Hall Slave Legacy

History of the Carter Family
The Carter’s of Colonial Virginia

John Carter, immigrated to Virginia from England in 1625 aboard the “Safety”. Living in Jamestown, no one know why he came to the Virginia colony, perhaps to leave the political strife in Great Britain, possible to better his station in an already hard world. Within a year his neighbors were so taken with his character, they asked him to represent them at the House of Burgesses.

In 1642, after acquiring some 13,500 acres in the Northern Neck between the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers building his family estate called “Corotoman”. He became a successful planter and businessman, also serving first as an elected Burgess, and then, as a member of the Governor’s Council.

Marrying in 1650, his first wife, Jane Glyn, gave him three children, George, who dies young, Elizabeth and John II. After the early death of his wife, he married Eleanor Eltonhead Brocas in 1656. It was about this time he was elected to the House of Burgesses that automatically made him the commander of the local militia. This militia was responsible for ridding the area of the last of the Rappahannock Indians that brought to its commander more accolades. Eleanor died the next year leaving no children.

His third wife, Anne Carter, daughter of Cleve Carter of England, whom he married in 1658, died within the first year of their marriage, leaving no children.

In 1660, he married Sarah Ludlow, and had two more children, Sarah, who died young, and Robert Carter. Sarah Ludlow Carter died in early 1668 and her family had inscribed on her tombstone, “May her descendants make their mother’s virtues and graces the pattern of their lives and actions”. Little did anyone realize to what great heights her son Robert would achieve.

John Carter took a fifth wife marrying Elizabeth Shirley in late 1668. A son, Charles, was born in 1669. That same year John died. As a young man, Charles moved to England to live and died there sometime after 1690. John Carter the émigré, achieved prominence, wealth, political power, material goods and social prestige that he had earned for himself, but his sons and grandsons were to carve out an empire, such as he had never envisioned.

Upon his death, John’s main estate, holdings and slaves went to his oldest son, John II, with 6,000 English pound’s going to his wife, Elizabeth. Robert “King” Carter was seven years old when his father died. Upon gaining his majority, being a second son, his prospects were not exceptionally bright. He had inherited 1,000 acres near the Corotoman River and one third of his father’s personal estate valued at 1,000 English pounds consisting of a library of Latin books, a few slaves, and some other personal items.

Then by a sudden turn of events, his older half brother, John II, who ad married twice and had one daughter, Elizabeth (1675-1693), died at age 43, leaving Robert the sole adult male representing the family and inheriting the family estate.

Two years later in 1688, now at age 25, Robert married Judith Armistead, who gave him five children. John III (1689), Elizabeth (1692), Judith (1693), who died in infancy, Sarah (1694), who died at eight years of age, and another Judith (1695), named after the first daughter who died. Judith Armistead Carter passed after eleven years of marriage.

In 1697, Robert married his second wife, Elizabeth Landon Willis, the 16 year old widow of Richard Wilis and they had ten children. Anne (1702), Robert II (1704), Sarah (1705) dying as a young child, Betty (1706) who also died as a young child, Charles (1707), Ludlow (1709) who died young, Landon (1710), Mary (1712), Lucy (1714) and George (1716).

Robert Carter, being born into the Tidewater gentry of the young colony, eclipsed his father’s accomplishments. Becoming a member, and later, speaker of the House of Burgesses, a member of the Governor’s Council, a vestryman in Christ Church, a Justice of the Peace, and acting governor of the colony from 1726-1727 until William Gooch arrived. He was also a rector of the College of William and Mary, seeing that institution through the most trying of times. Because he so eclipsed his father, he has been regarded by historians as the founder of this Virginia family and was nicknamed “King”. He ultimately became the richest and perhaps the most powerful man of his day.

Realizing the need that future generations would have for fresh lands, he obtained for his heirs some 333,000 acres.

Robert “King” Carter had arranged that the bulk of his lands would go to his eldest son, John Carter III (1689-1742) who married in 1725 Elizabeth Hill of Shirley Plantation.. He also saw to it that his other sons, Robert II, Charles, Landon and George would have ample estates. Robert “King” Carter died at the age of 69 in 1732 leaving an estate of 333,000 acres, more than 1,000 slaves and 10,000 English pound, a tremendous fortune in those days.

Robert Carter II (1704-1732) died unexpectedly at age 28, only months after his father, leaving his wife of seven years, Priscilla Churchill (1705-1757), a daughter Elizabeth born in 1725, and a son, four year old Robert III, born in 1728.

Priscilla Carter later married Colonel John Lewis from a family as ancestral and honorable as the Carters. Colonel Lewis was a widower with five children and when Elizabeth moved to his home, “Warner Hall” in Gouchester, her two children joined an already active household.

When Robert Carter III reached his majority, he became the master of more than seventy thousand acres including 5,025 acres in old Prince William County, inheriting his father’s portion of his grandfather’s estate. Young Robert, at age nine, went to the College of William and Mary. When the young man turned twenty-one, he went to England leaving Colonel Lewis in charge of his affairs. For the next two years historians presumed this trip to England was to complete his education following in the footsteps of his grandfather, father and uncles, although it was also a time to explore the arts and other diversions of the day. It was said that a young gentleman, “lacking a broad basis of knowledge would be unfit for any gentlemen’s conversation and therefore a scandalous person and a shame to his relations, not having one single qualification to recommend him”. It was quoted of one colonial father to have said, “that his children had better be never born than illbred”.

Upon young Robert’s return to the colony of Virginia in 1751, he was steeped in public duties. At age 28, he was made a member of the Governor’s Council and, by virtue of his belonging to the Council, he also served as a colonel in the militia. As was customary, he was known as “Councillor” Carter. He lived at Nomini Hall, the elegant manor house his father built about 1729 in Westmoreland County, overlooking the Potomac and Nomini Rivers, a plantation of about 2,000 acres. The square Georgian style home with four chimneys was made of brick, two stories high, located on a hill with a spectacular view of the rivers. Robert “Councillor” Carter married Frances Ann Tasker (1720-1787) on April 2, 1745, in Annapolis Maryland by the Reverend Mr. Malcolm, the minister of St. Anne’s Parish. His wife, the daughter of the Honorable Benjamin Tasker, one of the foremost citizens of the colony of Maryland, brought to the marriage, not only family influence, but also a large dowry. The marriage also enabled her husband to secure a one fifth control of one of her father’s businesses, the Baltimore Iron Works.

Together they had seventeen children. Benjamin (1756) dying at age 23, Robert Bladen (1759), who died unmarried at age 34, Priscilla (1760-1823), all born at Nomini Hall. About 1761, Robert “Councillor” and his growing family moved to Williamsburg to a home he purchased adjacent to the Governor’s Palace where the following three daughters were born. Ann Tasker (1762- ), Rebecca (1762) who died in infancy, and Frances (1764-1795), returning to Nomini Hall for the birth of his remaining children. Betty Landon (1765-1842), Mary (1767) who died at age four, Harriet Lucy (1768- ), Amelia Churchill (1769) who died in her first year, Rebecca Dulany (1770) who also died in her first year. John Tasker (1772- ), Sarah Fairfax (1773-1829), Judith (1775) who died as an infant, George (1777-1846), Sophia (1778-1832), who died without marrying and Julia Carter (1783- ). In spite of such a large family, “Frances Tasker Carter remained elegant and beautiful in a youthful way, ever cheerful and agreeable”. She managed the household with great success and carefully trained and helped educate their children.

Managing seventy thousand acres demanded foresight and planning. Robert III cultivated as many as fifteen large plantations and farms at once. Each plantation and farm had an abundant amount of buildings used for storing tobacco, corn and wheat. Shops for weavers, carpenters, coopers, blacksmiths, as well as the manor houses and/or estate managers quarters. There were many independent buildings such as kitchens, bakeries, dairies, meat houses, slave cabins, stables, mills for grinding grains and factories for the production of textiles. Indentured servants were brought in from Ireland to spin and weave as well as to teach the Carter slaves these skills. The training of slaves in the trades was a necessary result of the conditions of life on large estates where free artisans found it difficult to serve more then a limited clientele. Many Carter slaves were trained as coopers, carpenters, blacksmiths, millers sailors, brick makers and layers and shoemakers. This training also increased their worth.

Though tobacco was the crop of importance, Robert also would devote entire plantations to producing grain and other supplies needed at Nomini Hall. Running the plantation, clearing new land for planting, civic and family duties, proved to be a laborious task. Though the basis of life was agricultural, the great landowners fulfilled a wide variety of other economic functions. They served as factors for their neighbors, buying their crops, and selling them supplies. When European conditions interfered with the import trade, enterprising men frequently set up grist mills, textile factories, and foundries on their plantations, to supply their own and their neighbor’s needs.

Robert “Councillor” Carter was a patriot during the American Revolution and as a member of the court of Westmoreland County he took an oath as prescribed by the Virginia Assembly renouncing allegiance to George III, pledging loyalty to Virginia and to the Continental Congress. At one point, he sent 50 bayonets to Captain Burgess Ball and also furnished him with other supplies. He sent Colonel Thomas Jones beef, hops, 2,950 lbs of flour as well as many loaves of bread. In September 1776, he supplied the commissary of Lancaster County with 2,000 lbs of bread and the same amount of flour. He also secured iron for the manufacture of munitions.

During the American Revolution rapid adjustments had to be made. Wheat, corn, hemp, flax, cotton, oats and barley were cultivated extensively by Robert III, while tobacco became less important in his scheme of operations. By the end of the 18th Century, the tobacco industry had sunk into a state of chronic depression. The rapid depletion of soil, the wasteful agricultural methods and over production were all making themselves felt. Robert III was ahead of his time in raising other grains for cash crops. He had set up and equipped so many plantations and farms that he resorted to naming twelve of them after the signs of the zodiac. Two of these farms, Leo, consisting of 809 acres with 309 acres cleared, and Cancer with 700 acres of which 400 were cleared, were dedicated to the growing of tobacco, shipping 79 hogshead of tobacco, between the two in 1785. In 1791, there were 509 slaves, with an estimated worth of well over a hundred thousand dollars, belonging to Robert III, a number that was large enough to generate efficient cultivation of his many plantations. He was also the largest single slave- holder in Virginia at that time. During the year 1791, Robert “Councillor” Carter provided, in a Deed of Manumission, for the freeing of almost all of his 509 slaves. This was to be accomplished on a gradual basis over a period of twenty years since to have set all free at once would have resulted in great distress for the slaves and chaos for the community. He gave or rented lands to some of his former slaves as they were freed.

Nathaniel married Jemima Cocke in 1734 in Kings Creek Plantation, York, Virginia, USA. Jemima was born in 1713 in Kings Creek Plantation, York, Virginia, USA; died in 1770 in , , Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Mildred Howell in 1746 in , , Virginia, USA. Mildred was born in 1720 in , Charles City, Virginia, USA; died on 17 Nov 1783 in Virginia Beach, Independent Cities, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Married: 1750, , , Virginia, USA

Notes:

Colonel Anthony Walke II (1726 - 1779) was the son of Colonel Anthony Walke I. Colonel Walke II was one of the wealthiest Virginians of his day, a great advocate of social drinking, extravagant social gatherings, gambling, and horse racing. When trouble with England began, as a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, he espoused the cause of the colonies, and united with Patrick Henry, Mason, Madison, Marshall, Jefferson, and other patriots in resisting British oppression and in establishing American independence. He married Jane Bolling Randolph (1729-1756) who was a direct descendant of Powhatan, the most powerful chieftain in Tidewater Virginia at the time of the arrival of the Jamestown settlers in 1607. This strain in her blood could account for her children’s horseback riding abilities. Reverend Anthony Walke was the only surviving child of these parents. After she died, Col. Walke II married Mary Mosely and had several children: William Walke (1762 - 1795) (who is buried on the property at Ferry Plantation), Edward Hack Walke, John Basset Walke, Mary Walke, Frances Walke and Anna Walke.


Extracts from the Will of Anthony Walke
Source: The Virginia Magazine of History & Biography, Vol 5, No.2 (Oct 1897) pp 139-153

page 143 Anthony Walke, 2nd of "Fairfield"

Anthony Walke, the 2nd, son of Anthony Walke 1st, and Anna Lee Armistead, was born Jan 3, 1726. He married, first, Jane, daughter of Richard and Jane (Bolling) Randolph . . .b. 1729, d. 1756, m. 1750, and left issue by her, the Rev Anthony Walke, the 3rd, an Episcopal clergyman.

He married second, Mary Moseley, daughter of Col. Edward Hack Moseley and Mary Bassett, on May 8, 1757, and had issue: sons, Wm., Edward Hack, and John Bassett; daughters, Mary, Frances and Anna.

Col. Anthony Walke the 2nd, was a man of wealth and liberality. He gave the land and built at his own expense, a church edifice about 12 miles from Norfolk, in Princess Anne county, Virginia, known as "Old Donation Church." (now in ruins 1897)

Col Anthony Walke, 2nd, is buried at "Greenwich," Princess Anne County, Va., one of the Moseley seats.

page 143 (extracts from the will of Anthony Walke, 2nd, merchant, made 15 April 1776; first codicil 5 Dec 1777; second codicil 6 Dec 1777 - proved and ordered to be recorded 14 March 1782.)

Named: wife Mary, son Anthony, sons Edward Hack, William, daughters Mary, and Anna.

Daughter Frances and son John were born after the writing of the will and before making the first codicil. Anna died after the writing of the will and before the making of the first codicil.

page 144 to son Anthony 3rd

"I give and devise to my said son Anthony Walke (3rd) one half of all the lands I now own in the Borough of Norfolk, to him and his heirs forever. (the other half to be divided between William and Edward Hack)

page 145

"To son Anthony my suit of embroidered curtains, in membrance of his mother (Jane Randolph) who took great pains in working them, the two neat trunks, Gold studs, and every other article that belonged to my late wife, Jane Walke, now in my possession, my Father's Walnut Secretarie and clock, a piece of Gold coined in the year 1609, weighing about four pounds nine shillings, which belonged to my Great-Grandfather."

on page 146 from the first codicil there is a paragraph in which Anthony Walke 2nd changed his mind and revised his will. . .the land in the Borough of Norfolk to be equally divided among his 3 sons Anthony (3rd), William, and Edward Hack.

Anthony married Jane Bolling Randolph in 1741 in , , Virginia, USA. Jane (daughter of Richard Randolph and Jane Kennon Bolling) was born in 1729 in Kemperville, Princess Anne, Virginia, USA; died in 1756 in , Albemarle, Virginia, USA; was buried in , Albemarle, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anthony married Mary Moseley on 8 May 1757 in , Princess Anne, Virginia, USA. Mary (daughter of Edward Hack Moseley and Mary Bassett) was born in 1741 in , Prince William, Virginia, USA; died on 22 Nov 1795 in Greenwich, Prince William, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Lucinda "Lucy" Page Baylor on 17 Mar 1764 in , , Virginia, USA. Lucinda was born on 12 Oct 1746 in Newmarket, Caroline, Virginia, USA; died on 26 Nov 1816 in , Alexandria, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Henry Lee, III on 18 Jun 1793 in , , Virginia, USA. Henry (son of Lt Colonel Henry Lee, II and Lucy Grymes) was born on 29 Jan 1757 in Dumfries, Prince William, Virginia, USA; died on 25 Mar 1818 in Dungeness, Cumberland Island, Camden, Georgia, USA; was buried in Lexington, Independent Cities, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: , , , USA

Notes:

Philip Lightfoot served with distinction as a Lieutenant in Harrison's Artillery on the Continental line for three years during the Revolutionary War. He later worked in the Executive Department. He received two land grants for his service.

Philip married Mary Warner Lewis in 1783. Mary was born in 1750 in , Spotsylvania, Virginia, USA; died in , , Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Reverend Anthony Walke (1755 - 1814) was the son of Colonel Anthony Walke II. He married Anne McColley McClenahan on January 15, 1776 and had six children: Anne M., Edwin, Jane Eliza, David Meade, Susan, and Anthony IV (1778 - 1820). On July 13, 1805, five months after Anne died, he married Anne Newton Fisher (1774 - 1840). They had three children: John Newton, Thomas, and Lemuel. They are all buried in the old burial ground in what is now Fairfield's subdivision, in unmarked graves.

Reverend Walke was 20 years old in the early winter of 1775 when he most likely witnessed troop movements and battles between Continental Army troops and Virginia Governor Lord Dunmore’s Loyalist troops (people who supported King George III) in battles at Kemp's Landing, 2.5 miles north and then at Great Bridge, 9 miles south of his Fairfield Manor House. The Revolutionary War (1775–1783) caught Reverend Walke at a time when he was coming of age into a Virginia gentry threatened by the loss of political power, wealth, and social prestige made possible by English control over the Virginia Colony. In his writings he blamed the north and their foolish Boston Tea Party actions.

Reverend Walke was a representative to the Virginia Constitutional Convention, and after the Revolutionary War, in early 1788 he was ordained a priest of the Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, and then served the following year as an elector from the State of Virginia to the first presidential election held in Philadelphia. Returning to Princess Anne County, Reverend Walke, with a large inheritance from his father, presided as rector over Lynnhaven Parish Church for many years without a salary (from 1788 to 1800 and again from 1812 to 1813).

Reverend Walke divided his time between preaching and the hunt. Not only was he noted for delivering sermons with a captivating mild mannered voice, but a more picturesque side of him was his love of fox and deer hunting. He conducted sermons with his horse Silverheels tethered near the door of the church. When he heard those hunting horns, he would immediately turn the service over to his clerk, Dick Edwards, and hurry off on Silverheels, not seen again until late in the day.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Jul 1822, , , Maryland, USA
• Residence: 1830, , Fauquier, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1840, Leeds, Fauquier, Virginia, USA

Notes:

Armistead Brothers - War of 1812
From the speech by Rev. James E. Poindexter at the presentation of the portrait of Lewis A. Armistead to R.E. Camp No. 1, C.V., Richmond, Virginia, January 29, 1909 (http://www.gdg.org/Research/People/Armistead/armi st1.html):
The Armistead family, coming direct from England, settled in Virginia in 1636, and became a family of soldiers. Five brothers, three of them in the regular army, took part in the war of 1812. Col. George Armistead, the oldest of the five, defended Fort McHenry. The flag which waved over it during the bombardment, which Key immortalized as the "Star Spangled Banner," was long guarded as a sacred heir-loom by his descendants. It is now laid up in the National Museum. A second brother, Lewis Gustavus Adolphus, named for the Swedish hero, "The Lion of the North," fell at Fort Erie. Walker Keith Armistead graduated at West Point in 1803, fought in Canada, closed the Seminole war, and was, when he died in 1845, second in command in the regular army. Miss Stanley, who became his wife, was a native of the old North State, and so it happened that Lewis A. Armistead was born at Newbern, N. C., in 1817.

According to the War of 1812 Pension Application of John Lumberson of Baltimore, Maryland, he served under Captain John Armistead in a Battery at Fort Southwest Point at Kingston, Tennessee. The Battery received orders to go to support General Andrew Jackson in Florida and then the Battle of New Orleans. They did not reach New Orleans in time to participate in the battle. Their boat was intercepted and their orders were changed to go to Fort McHenry at Baltimore to help defend the fort. They arrived shortly before the last battle where the then Major George Armistead and his brother Captain John Armistead were reunited and defended the Fort with their units.
This information is from the records from the National Archives for John Lumberson.

Chief Engineer

(November 12, 1818-June 1, 1821)

Born in Virginia in 1785, Walker Armistead was named a cadet in the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers by President Jefferson in 1801. On March 5, 1803, he became the third graduate of the new Military Academy and was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers. He served as superintending engineer of the defenses of New Orleans and Norfolk. During the War of 1812, he was successively Chief Engineer of the Niagara frontier army and the forces defending Chesapeake Bay. He was promoted to colonel and Chief Engineer on November 12, 1818. When the Army was reorganized on June 1, 1821, he became commander of the 3d Artillery. He was brevetted brigadier general in 1828. He commanded the United States troops that opposed the Seminole Indians in Florida in 1840-41. He died in Upperville, Virginia, October 13, 1845. (Source: http://www.hq.usace.army.mil/history/coe.htm#8)

Walker Keith Armistead
wife; Elizabeth Stanley (September 1861 died);
Child: Lucinda Stanley Gills Armistead, Nov. 1, 1815 born at Alexandria, Va. married Joseph G. Carr; Jan. 3, 1850 died.
Armistead, Walker Keith, c.1783 or 1785 born at New Market, Va., son of John and Lucy Baylor Armistead;
March 5, 1803 graduated from West Point (1/3) and appointed 2nd lt., Corps of Engineers;
1803-1806 on West Point staff;
June 11, 1805 1st lt. 1806-1807 assistant engineer at Ft. Jay, N. Y.
Oct. 30, 1806 capt. 1807-1808 superintending engineer at New Orleans;
1808-1811 superintendent of Norfolk, Va. defenses;
July 23, 1810 maj.
1811 at West Point;
1812-1815 chief engineer of army on the Niagara frontier;
July 31, 1812 lt Col. 1814-1818 chief engineer at Chesapeake Bay;
Nov. 12, 1818 col., chief engineer;
June 1, 1821 col., 3rd U. S. Artillery Rgt. 1821-1827 at Ft. Washington, Md.
Nov. 12, 1828 Brevet Brig Gen., U. S. Army for 10 years in grade;
1828-1830 at Boston, Mass. 1836-1838 Florida Indian war; 1840-1841 commanding Florida army fighting Seminoles;
1843-1844 commanded 3rd U. S. Artillery Rgt. at Ft. Moultrie, S. C.
1844 granted sick leave; Oct. 13, 1845 died at Upperville, Va.

wife Elizabeth Stanley (September 1861 died); Child: Lucinda Stanley Gills Armistead, Nov. 1, 1815 born at Alexandria, Va. married Joseph G. Carr; Jan. 3, 1850 died.

Walker married Elizabeth Franck Stanly in 1814 in , , Virginia, USA. Elizabeth was born on 1 Nov 1791 in New Bern, Craven, North Carolina, USA; died on 30 Sep 1861 in New Bern, Craven, North Carolina, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Married: 30 Jun 1831, Arlington, Arlington, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1850, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
• Residence: 1860, , Alexandria, Virginia, USA; Age: 53

Notes:

General Robert Edward Lee 1807-1870
Civil War Confederate General.

He is remembered for leading the Army of Northern Virginia to the brink of victory in the Civil War. Born to a Virginia family of nobility but little money, his father was Revolutionary War General, Virginia Governor, and Congressman Light Horse Harry Lee, his mother was Ann Hill Carter Lee of the distinguished Carter family, and his Lee collateral relatives included two signers of the Declaration of Independence.

By the time young Robert arrived his father's financial irresponsibility had reduced the family to poverty and after Harry spent 1809 in debtor's prison the Lees moved to a small house in Alexandria where they were reduced to living on family charity. Harry was injured in an 1812 Baltimore political political riot and abandoned his family; Lee studied in Fauquier County and at Alexandria Academy and was to develop both studious habits and strong Christian faith, though he was not confirmed in the Episcopal Church until age 46. He also developed an abiding shame over the actions of his father's later years; indeed it is said that Lee lived his own life in an attempt to atone for Light Horse Harry, and whether that be true or not he never named any of his own sons Henry or Harry.

In 1824 Lee received an appointment to West Point via the intervention of William Henry Fitzhugh, a relative who had often provided material aid. From the time he entered the Academy in 1825 he had an outstanding record, never being charged with a demerit and graduating second in the class of 1829 to Charles Mason, later a noted attorney but now remembered only as the answer to the trivia question "Who beat Robert E. Lee at West Point?". Following graduation he was assigned to the Corps of Engineers, the norm for students with good academic records, duty carrying prestige but little promotion opportunity. While he was on leave he experienced the trauma of having his mother die in his arms in August of 1829 but he was soon off to build forts on the the Georgia coast.

In 1831 Lee was transferred to Fort Monroe, Virginia, and soon married Mary Custis, great-granddaughter of Martha Washington, whom he had been courting since 1829. The wedding took place only after the Custis family relaxed their opposition to Mary's romance with the disgraced Light Horse Harry's son; the Lees were devoted to each other and the union produced seven children though it was in some ways an unhappy match that Lee never objected to temporarily escaping when sent on assignment. Duty at Fort Monroe proved an unpleasant experience marked by staff conflicts and in 1834 Lee was posted to the Washington office of the Chief of Engineers. In 1837 he was sent west where he distinguished himself by vastly improving Mississippi River navigation especially at St. Louis and at the Des Moines Rapids near Keokuk, Iowa.

Promoted to captain for his work along the Mississippi he was sent to Brooklyn in 1842 to become post engineer of Fort Hamilton where he worked on improving coastal defense. Lee made a number of structural improvements in the New York City area and earned praise but by 1846 he had 17 years in the Army and was still a captain with a family to support and little chance for advancement. Opportunity, however, was at hand and on August 19, 1846, Lee received his orders to report to General John Wool in preparation for service in Mexico. After traveling by ship to New Orleans, he then moved on to Texas where he joined up with General Wool. Lee and a Captain Fraser were in charge of road building on the advance into Mexico and did their jobs well, though progress was made easier by the lack of enemy contact.

On January 16, 1847, he was ordered to report to General Winfield Scott who was then preparing to assault Vera Cruz. When he arrived near Vera Cruz, Lee was made a part of Scott's inner circle of officers; working for him were Lieutenants P.G.T. Beauregard and George McClellan, while other staff officers with whom he had dealings included Joe Johnston, U.S. Grant, George Meade, and Gustavus Woodson Smith, all names that would become well known years hence. Lee participated in the battles of Vera Cruz, Contreras, and Churubusco, then was wounded at Chapultepec, his reconnaissance missions along the way proving essential to ultimate success. Along with Beauregard and McClellan, he assisted in preparing for General Scott's entry into Mexico City; at the end, though he had been acclaimed and had earned three brevet promotions for gallantry, he still held the permanent rank of captain. After the conflict, he was sent to Baltimore as chief engineer then in 1852 returned to West Point as Superintendent with the rank of Brevet Colonel. Lee proved a popular and able executive while gaining experience that was to prove valuable in the post-Civil War years. He had a reputation for interacting well with the students and was to be a particular influence on Cadet and future General J.E.B. Stuart.

In 1855 Lee was finally to achieve "real" promotion, a two-grade jump to Lieutenant Colonel, though at the price of leaving the Engineers, when he was posted to Texas as Executive Officer of the Second US Cavalry serving under Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston. Though he was happy and successful, he found himself recalled to Arlington upon the October 10, 1857, death of his father-in-law George Washington Parke Custis. As the health of Mary Lee had steadily declined, Lee was stuck with sorting out the problems of the estate. Mr. Custis had large holdings but even larger debts and further had left a poorly drawn holographic will making financial bequests which there was no money to pay.

Arlington Hall itself was left to Lee's eldest son George Washington Custis Lee, known as "Custis", who would one day serve as a Confederate Major General and who in 1882 would successfully sue the federal government and gain financial compensation for the taking of Arlington during the conflict. In the course of the settlement Lee was to make arrangements for the emancipation of Mr. Custis' slaves, though he was to also ensure that they would be able to support themselves once free.

In October of 1859 Lee received a message via Lieutenant J.E.B. Stuart calling him from Arlington to Washington to deal with the capture of the armory at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, by anti-slavery activists led by John Brown. Under orders from President Buchanan and taking with him J.E.B. and a detachment of US Marines commanded by Lieutenant Israel Green, Lee departed by train for Harper's Ferry. On the morning of October 18th J.E.B. delivered the final surrender demand then gave the signal for Green's men to take the engine house, which they accomplished rapidly. When Brown was hanged on December 2nd, the event was carried out by Virginia Militia led by David Addison Weisiger, later a minor Confederate Brigadier General, while security was provided by V.M.I. Cadets under the command of Mexican War veteran Major Thomas Jackson, then called behind his back 'Tom Fool' but one day to be written down in history as 'Stonewall'. Lee returned to his duties in Texas but storm clouds were brewing and after Texas seceeded from the Union and U.S. Army facilities were turned over to the Confederacy he was recalled by General Scott to Washington in February 1861, there to be promoted to Colonel and offered general's stars along with command of the Union Army. A staunch Unionist and not a defender of slavery, Lee wanted to see the nation preserved but he was unwilling to invade the South to accomplish that end.

Virginia seceeded on April 17, 1861; Lee resigned his commission on April 20th and was appointed Brigadier General in the Confederate Army on May 14th then the next month was named the third senior of the original five officers of four star rank. (The lineal list was Samuel Cooper, Albert Sidney Johnston, Lee, Joe Johnston, and Beauregard with Bragg, Kirby Smith, and Hood to follow later in the war). Initially tasked with training and arming Virginia troops, Lee conducted the essentially failed expedition into the western counties today called the West Virginia Campaign, then was sent to take charge of preparing coastal defenses in the lower southeast, doing a good enough job that his forts essentially held throughout the war. Returning to Richmond where he was already considered a failure after the western operation, he supervised the digging of trenches around the capital, earning himself the derisive title "King of Spades".

In February of 1862 he paid $200 for a gray gelding whom he named Traveller (using the British spelling) and rode for the rest of his life, though in periods of illness he sometimes used his smaller and tamer "other horse" Lucy Long, a gift from J.E.B. Stuart. Lee served as miliary advisor to President Davis until General Joe Johnston was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines on May 31, 1862. Command of the Army of Northern Virginia devolved upon General Gustavus Woodson Smith who suffered a nervous breakdown within 12 hours, leading Davis to place Lee in the top spot. He had his work cut out for him; the Confederacy had suffered multiple defeats, the public held no confidence in him, and McClellan was about four miles east of Richmond (at roughly the present location of Richmond International Airport) with an Army far larger and better equipped than anything Lee could muster.

He organized the Seven Days Battle, a series of six late June engagements that only contained one clear cut victory, John Bell Hood's June 27th assault at Gaines' Mill, and cost numerous lives but ended with General McClellan bottled-up on the James River and no longer a danger to Richmond. Lee next turned his attention to Northern Virginia where from August 28th to 30th, with much help from Longstreet and Jackson, he routed General John Pope at Second Manassas; during this operation Lee fell and injured his hands, limiting his riding ability. The time of Second Manassas also marks the first recorded appearance of Lee's chest pains, then called "rheumatism", but in retrospect symptoms of the coronary artery disease that was to mark the rest of his life. Lee then moved into Maryland hoping to gather supplies, recruit new troops, and perhaps strike a blow into the northeast that would dampen the North's willingness to fight; his efforts were derailed by the famous Lost Order No. 191 which gave away his plans to McClellan; on September 17, 1862, the armies met at Sharpsburg in the Battle of Antietam which resulted in roughly 26,000 combined casualties, still the greatest one day loss of life in American history.

Withdrawing to Virginia after the drawn battle he organized his troops at Fredericksburg to meet the new Army of the Potomac commander Ambrose Burnside; on December 13, 1862, Union troops were sent up the side of Mayre's Heights into a fortified position held by James Longstreet, thus ending thousands of lives and Burnside's brief tenure in command. Longstreet was soon sent to Southside Virginia on a foraging expedition and thus as spring came Lee was missing a third of his Army. In late April he moved toward Cancellorsville, just west of Fredericksburg; between April 30th and May 6th Lee stopped Joe Hooker in the series of conflicts known collectively as the Battle of Chancellorsville, though at the cost of the May 2nd mortal wounding of Stonewall Jackson in a friendly fire incident. Lee next marched into Pennsylvania to meet the Union Army under its new commander George Meade. The entire operation which culminated in the Battle of Gettysburg was controversial at the time and will likely remain so forever, with whole books written about each day and questions asked as to whether he should have replaced Jackson with Richard Ewell, whether he should have followed Longstreet's suggestions, whether he should have ordered Pickett's Charge, and indeed whether he should have gone north in the first place.

In the aftermath Meade was unable to persue as the victorious army was in virtually as bad a condition as the defeated one. Once back in Virginia, Lee's health was poor, and knowing he bore the onus of failure, he offered to resign. The President, however, had nobody to replace him with. Interestingly, Gettysburg was not then seen as "final" in the way later generations viewed it thus Lee again reorganized and in the spring of 1864 staged the Wilderness Campaign, initially without Longstreet who after Gettysburg had been temporarily detached to General Braxton Bragg in Tennessee. Victories he won, albeit with the loss of men and supplies he could not replace; his main problem, however, was that the Union Army was now under the command of General U.S. Grant, thus denying to Lee the advantage of fighting the timid or incompetent. Forced into a nine month siege at Petersburg, he held out until finally compelled to retreat on April 2, 1865.

During the stalemate, Lee was named General-in-Chief of the Confederate States Army on January 31, 1865, and pushed for the integration of black soldiers into the Army. The Cause, however, was lost and Lee finally had to abandon the line at Petersburg. Over the next week as he moved west, he attempted to obtain food and supplies and to link up with what little was left of the Army of Tennessee, now under Joe Johnston in North Carolina. Finally on April 9, 1865, Lee was out of alternatives and surrendered to General Grant at the McLean House in Appomattox, Virginia. He delivered the surrender himself rather than send a subordinate as he knew of the sense of insult his father had felt when the British made their capitulation at Yorktown via the most junior officer present, and that only after a sergeant had been rejected by George Washington.

After the war, the men had to get back to whatever life they could salvage; the South had to be rebuilt, and Lee had to feed his family. His respect in the South was undiminished and though he faced the threat of legal action job offers came in, some of which could have made him wealthy. Desiring, however, to help restore the country's prosperity in October 1865 he accepted the presidency of the then-small Washington College in Lexington, Virginia. Revered by students, faculty, and the local populace, he proved an effective administrator; in 1868 a move was made to have him run as the Democratic candidate for Governor of Virginia. Lee knew he could win but he enjoyed his job and desired to remain where he was preparing a new generation. Further, he probably suspected that his heart was not up to the rigors of political office. He kept active when he could, walking and riding his horses, but as time went on it became obvious that Lee was aged beyond his years; he was able to travel some, going to Baltimore and visiting President Grant at the White House in the spring of 1869.

In late March of 1870 Lee undertook a two month trip thru the South during which he visited the graves of his father and of his daughter Annie and bade farewell to old friends. Upon his return he consulted with doctors in Richmond and Baltimore who did for him what little they could; he also spent time with Edmund Valentine who was in the process of creating the statue that would cover his tomb. The sculptor had wanted to meet with Lee in the fall, but apparently sensing that his final deployment was at hand the General instructed him not to wait. When the fall school term began Lee was at his post; during his years in Lexington he had worshipped and served as a vestryman at Grace Episcopal Church which was pastored by his old Chief of Artillery General William Nelson Pendleton.

On September 28th he was in his capacity as Senior Warden conducting a vestry meeting when he suffered a stroke. The General made it home on his own but was obviously quite ill; over the ensuing days he was cared for by physicians and seemed to rally at times, though at others he was unable to speak coherently. On October 12th Lee uttered the last words, "Strike the tent", and died. His wife Mary, in poor health for years, followed him to the grave in 1873, while at his death his son Custis became president of what would one day be Washington and Lee University. After the war Lee had taken the Oath of Allegiance and applied for his pardon, but for some reason his paperwork was lost and remained so until 1970; in 1975 his American Citizenship was posthumously restored by President Gerald Ford. Today Fort Lee, Virginia, carries his name, as does a multitude of counties, schools, towns, bridges, and city streets. Statues of him adorn his grave, Stone Mountain, Georgia, Monument Avenue in Richmond, and numerous other public places, while his image has been on a Virginia license plate, several US postage stamps, and continues to hang in thousands of homes. Lee has been the subject of countless biographies ranging from works for small children to those intended for academics, with the definitive being Douglas Southall Freeman's four volume "R.E. Lee" (1934-1935). For a quiet man General Lee left a large number of quotes and while no single one can define him perhaps this comes close: "Do your duty in all things...you cannot do more...you should never wish to do less".

Bio by: Bob Hufford

Robert married Mary Ann Randolph Custis on 30 Jun 1831 in Arlington House, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Mary (daughter of George Washington Parke Custis and Mary Lee Fitzhugh) was born on 1 Oct 1808 in Arlington, Arlington, Virginia, USA; died on 5 Nov 1873 in Alexandria, Independent Cities, Virginia, USA; was buried in Lexington, Independent Cities, Virginia, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1810, , Caroline, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1820, , Caroline, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1830, , Caroline, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1840, , Caroline, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1850, Port Royal, Caroline, Virginia, USA
• Residence: 1860, Port Royal, Caroline, Virginia, USA

Notes:

Monthly Court, Caroline County, 12 October 1831, Certified that Philip Lightfoot of East Royal, of the county is the only child and heir of Philip Lightfoot of Cedar Creek who was a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary War....

Family/Spouse: Sarah Savin Bernard. Sarah was born on 7 Mar 1790; died on 22 Aug 1859. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lewis married Matilda Cecelia Lee Love on 13 Feb 1844 in , Lowndes, Alabama, USA. Matilda was born on 29 Oct 1823 in , Culpeper, Virginia, USA; died on 12 Dec 1850 in Mobile, Mobile, Alabama, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lewis married Cornelia Lee Tuberville Taliaferro on 17 Mar 1853 in Arlington, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Cornelia was born in 1828 in , , Virginia, USA; died on 3 Aug 1855 in Fort Riley, Geary, Kansas, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]