John Leavitt

John married Sarah Gilman on 16 Dec 1646 in Hingham, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. Sarah was born on 19 Jan 1622 in Hingham, Norfolk, England; died on 26 May 1700 in Hingham, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lieutenet Colonel Samuel Howe. Lieutenet (son of John Howe and Mary Martha Jones) was born on 20 Oct 1642 in Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA; died on 13 Apr 1713 in Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

After the death of Nehemiah father, Samuel Howe,Nehemiah took the estate, and paid off the other heirs. In 1717 when he was 24 years old, he sold the estate in Sudbury, MA, and moved to Framingham, MA.

In 1727 he was a petitioner for the town of Grafton, to which place he moved, and the second town meeting was held in his house 19 April 1728. He was one of the original members of the church, 28 December 1731, and was one of the Selectmen, 1736, school committee, 1736, and was that year paid f4, 1s, 8d. for keeping the school. He was Town Clerk 1736-7-8, assessor 1737, and school committee 1738-9.

In the spring and early summer of 1739, he bought three full township rights in the new town called Great Meadows, NH, the records of those deeds are found at Springfield, MA. In 1739 or 1740 he became one of the early settlers of that town.

The year 1744 brought the Indian war, with all its attending horrers, the settlers were obliged to seek safety and shelter in the forts. On the 11th of October 1745, as he was cutting wood a few rods from the fort, he was surprised by a band on Indians and taken captive before help could reach him. He was taken to Canada, where he was kept a prisoner in Quebec for a year and a half, when he died of prison fever 25 May 1747, just as he was about to be redeemed.

His death was a severe blow to his family, and to the community where he was known, as one of his contemporaries wrote of him, "he was greatly beloved by all who knew him." He was possesed of cultivation and refinement far beyond the ordinary. He kept a journal during his prison life which was of inestimable value, for the many items therin recorded of other captives whose fate otherwise would never have been known. It is also a priceless legacy to his descendants, showing as it does, the beautiful Christion character of one who could endure the severest hardships with a grace and dignity rarely to be found.In 1748 these notes were used to publish "A Narrative of The Captivity of Nehemiah How in 1745-1747" (see title page posted here)

Nehemiah Howe was captured by Indians on 11-Oct-1745, during King George's War, near Putney, VT and taken to Canada where he died 18 months later.
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http://www.fortat4.com/timeline.php

Nehemiah married Margaret Willard in 1715 in Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts, USA. Margaret (daughter of Benjamin Willard and Sarah Lakin) was born in 1696 in Grafton, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; died on 25 Jan 1758 in Westborough, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Joshua How/Original grantee at #2 (later Westmoreland,N.H.)

EARLY HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND

A committee chosen to survey the area of land where Westmoreland now lies, reported November 30, 1736, when the report was accepted, and the township of No. 2 was chartered. Nathaniel Harris, of Watertown, Mass., was appointed to call the first meeting of the proprietors of
No. 2. Afterwards it was called Great Meadow, which name it retained until it was chartered by the NH Legislature, when it took the name it now bears. The grantees under the Massachusetts charter were: "Daniel How, Jethro Wheeler, Thomas Chamberlain, Moses Wheeler, Harriden Wheeler Jr., Jethro Wheeler, Abner How, Josiah Foster, Joshua How, Meshach Taylor, Benjamin Alldridge, Jonathan Hildrith,Joseph How, Daniel How Jr., Nathaniel Wooster, Jeremiah Hall" and possibly others. Prior to the white settlers, the only inhabitants of "No. 2" consisted of a few families of Abenaquis, or Abenakees Indians, a small sub-branch of the Five Nations. It is said the meaning of this name is the "Pines." Their wigwams were in the north part of the town, on land now owned by Robert E. Green, beside a small brook afterward known as the Wigwam Brook. They remained for a
brief time only, and on terms of amity with the pioneer white settlers.

The first settlement in the town was made in 1741. In the spring of that year, Daniel How, Jeremiah Phips, Jethro Wheeler and Nehemiah How with their families, started up the Connecticut in canoes from Northfield, Mass. Daniel How, however, had been previously, with a surveying part, and he it was probably, who had attracted the others thither by stories of the great fertility of the "Great meadows." [A second account lists the earliest settlers as Daniel How,
Jethro Wheeler, Philip Alexander and THomas Crissen]. They settled upon the farm now owned by Frederick G. Parker, on road 8. He subsequently erected a small fort, the exact site of which is still pointed out as a little knoll on said farm. Peter Hayward settled near the Ashuelot river in 1764. Then John Cole and son John settled upon "Canoe Place," also known as "Canoe Meadow." Accessions were made to the little settlement from time to time; but the French war came on in 1744, which greatly retarded the growth. At this time the settlers of No. 2, Putney and Westminster united to build a stockaded fort upon the Great Meadow, in Putney, upon the
site of the house formerly occupied by Colonel Thomas White, near the landing of the ferry. Leading to this ferry (the first one in town) was a road to the Howe settlement. This fort was named "Fort Hill." It was of oblong form, eighty by one hundred and twenty feet, built of yellow pine timber hewed six inches thick and laid up about ten feet high. Fifteen dwellings were erected within it, the wall of the fort forming the back wall of the houses. These were covered
with a single roof, which slanted upward to the top of the wall of the fort. In the centre of the inclosure was a hollow square, on which all the houses fronted. On the northeast and southeast corners of the fort watchtowers were placed. A great gate opened on the south, toward the river, and a smaller one towards the west. The forst was generally garrisoned by ten or twelve men. A cannon was furnished by the Massachusetts government that survived the fort many years... Upon the completion of the fort several of the
inhabitants of No. 2 joined the garrison (These were David How, Thomas Chamberlain, Isaac Chamberlain, Joshua Warner and son Daniel Warner, wife and son, Harrison Wheeler, Samuel Minot, Benjamin Aldrige and his son George, who afterward became a general).

Hardly had the little township recovered from its effects when the second war came upon it. Still, it recovered so rapidly therefrom that in 1767 it was the third largest township in what is now Cheshire county, having a population
of 391 souls.

The "Great Meadows" was a favorite spot with the Indians in their journeyings up and down the Connecticut. The settlers were several times attacked by the Indians, and various mischief was done, though of no great magnitude.

In one of their incursions the Indians killed William Phipps, the first husband of Jemima How, and in another carried Nehemiah How, the father of her second husband, a captive to Canada, where he died. But the story of these troubles are familiar to all--well-known subjects of general history (See Belknap's Hist. N.H., Vol. II, pages 240-42).
[A second source tells this story: "William Phips, an inhabitant of Great Meadow, as he was hoeing corn near the southwest corner, was surprised and captured by two of these Indians and carried into the woods to the west. While ascending the steep hill-side, above a half mile from the fort, one of his captors returned for something left,
leaving the prisoner in charge of his comrade. Watching his
opportunity, Phips struck down his captor with his hoe, which he had retained, and, seizing the gun of the prostrate savage, shot the other as he was ascending the hill. Phips thereupon started for the fort, but before reaching it was seized by three others of the same party, killed and scalped. Phips, but a short time previous, had married Jemima Sartwell, daughter of the owner of Sartwell's Fort, a lady whose beauty, goodness and suffereings afterward come
down ot us, through the mists of many years, as 'The Fair Captive.' .... and the second story: Nehemiah How, who was chopping wood about eighty rods from the fort, was taken by the Indians as they came. His capture was effected in full sight of the fort, but it would have endangered the lives of all in the garrison to attempt a rescue. As they were leading him away by the side of the river they perceived
a canoe approaching containing two men. Firing, they killed one of them, Daniel Rugg, but the other, Robert Baker, made for the opposite shore and escaped. All three of these men belonged to the garrison. Proceeding father, they passed three other men, who, by skulking under the bank, reached the fort in safety. One of them was Caleb How, the prisoner's son. Arriving opposite to Number Four they
compelled the captive to write his name on a piece of bark and there left it....How was taken to Quebec where he died... Soon after these occurrences the fort was evacuated and went to decay].

In 1750, when the area of Town No. 2 was determined to be under New Hampshire jurisdiction, the adult male citizens of the town signed a petition to the New Hampshire Governor et al. This document was signed by "Daniel How, William Moor, Jethro Wheeler, Joshua How, Thos Chamberlain, Benjamin Knights, Amos Davies, Silas Brown, Amos Davis Junr, Meshach Taylor, Jonas Davis, John Alexander, Samuel Davis, Daniel Shattuck Sr., Ebenezer Davis, Enoch Hall, Moses Wheeler, Simon Hall, Isaac Chamberlen [sic], Joshua Chamberlain, Hariden Wheeler Jr., Jedidiah Chamberlain, Jethro wheeler,
Job Chamberlain, Simeon Knight, Aaron Davis, Martin Severance, Beniaman [sic Benjamin] Alldridge, John Brown, Jonathan Hildrith, Abner How, Joseph How, Josiah Foster, Daniel How Jr., Samuel Foster, Nathaniel Woods, Michal Gibson, Jeremiah Hall, John Sheilds [sic Shields], Isaac Stone, and Danil [sic Daniel] Sheilds. The charter was granted February 12, 1752, being given a new incorporation under the name of Westmoreland, in honor of Lord Westmoreland, an intimate friend of Governor Wentworth.

The names of the grantees of Westmoreland (under the new charter) are as follows: Thomas Chamberlain, Benja. Aldridge, Daniel How, Jethro Wheeler, Daniel How Jr., Caleb How, Abner How, Josiah Willard, Oliver Willard, Samuel How, John Arms, Valentine Butler, Samson Willard, John Fowl, James Fowl, Nathaniel Woods, Jeremiah Hall, Timothy Harrington, Josiah Foster, Edward How, Samuel Minot,
John Fowl Jr., Philip Alexander, Richard Ward, Nathaniel Harris, Cornelius White, Ebenezer Turner, Samuel Livermore, Samuel Williams, Moses Hastens, John Chandler, Simeon Alexander, Ebenezer Hubbard, Joseph Harrington, John Rugg, Thomas marshal, Ebenezer Hinsdale, Samuel Hunt, John Alexander, Enoch Hall, William Moor, Jethro Wheeler Jr., Fairbanks Moor Jr., Joseph Bellows, Herridon Wheeler, Isaac Chamberlain, Josiah Chamberlain, Joshua Chamberlain, Amos Davis, Jedediah Chamberlen [sic], Jonathan Cole, Mical [sic Michael] Gilson, Simeon Knights, John Brown, William How,
Jonathan Cummings Jr., John Chamberlain, John Taylor, Daniel Pearce, His Excellency Benning Wentworth, Esq... This was signed by Samuel Wentworth of Boston; THeodore Atkinson, Richard Samuel Smith, John Downing, Samson Sheaffe, John Wentworth Jr., Esq., and Stephen Chace [sic] of New Castle... Of these grantees we have very limited knowledge. It is certain, however, that but a small portion of them were ever actual settlers. A number of names were placed in
the list of grantees in reward for public and military services. Others were included through favoritism, and other reasons, no doubt. The grant was not satisfactory to the petitioners, inasmuch as it did not include as much territory as the old grant of No. 2 by some eight square miles.

In 1752 a committee was chosen by the proprietors to lay out the house lots, consisting of Daniel How, Jethro Wheeler, Thomas Chamberlain, Benjamin Aldrich, Richard Ward, Caleb How, and Joseph Hutchins.

The first meeting of the proprietors of the township of Westmoreland was held at the house of Thomas Chamberlain, March 31, 1752. Samuel Hunt was chosen moderator, Caleb How proprietor's clerk, and Joshua Warnen treasurer. These meetings were held by notifications posted in said town, in Northfield and in Winchester.

On September 26, 1764 nine members of other churches signed thefirst church covenant, including: William Goddard pastor-elect member of ye first church at Newtown; Thomas Chamberlain, church at Newtown; Joshua Warner, church at Harvard; Amos Davis, church at Petersham; Samuel Minot, church at Chelmsford; Robert Thompson, church at Reading; Benjamin Pierce, church at Attleborough; Abner How, church
at Amherst; Joseph Pierce, church at Wilmington."

HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND NH [EXCERPTS ONLY]
TAKEN FROM TWO SOURCES:
1. History of Cheshire and Sullivan Counties, New Hampshire Philadelphia: J.W. Lewis & Co., 1886, 1073 pgs.
2. Gazetteer of Cheshire County, N.H., 1736-1885 by Hamilton Child, Syracuse, N.Y.: H. Child, 1885, 882 pgs.

Notes:

On the 27th of June, the most disastrous affair that occurred during the season on Connecticut river, took place at Bridgman's Fort, on Vernon meadow, a short distance below Fort Dummer. On the spot where the original fort stood, which was burned by the Indians in 1747, another of the same name had been erected soon after, and being strongly picketed, was considered as secure as any garrison in the vicinity. It was situated on low ground, near elevated land, from which an easy view of its construction and arrangements might be had. From the manner in which the attack was planned, and from the stra tegy therein displayed, it is supposed that the Indians, availing themselves of the opportunity afforded by the high ground, had previously viewed the place, and by listening at the gate, had discovered the signal by which admittance was gained to
* Hoyt's Indian Wars, pp. 266-269. A full account of this fight is given in Appendix E.

† Some writers have named July 27th, as the day on which this event occurred. Contemporaneous MSS. corroborate the date given in the text

CAPTURE OF BRIDGMAN'S FORT
fort. On the morning of the day in which the attack was made. Caleb How, Hilkiah Grout, Benjamin Gaffield, and two lads, the sons of How, left the fort and went to work in a cornfield, lying near the bank of the river. Returning a little before sunset, they were fired upon by a party of about a dozen Indians, from an ambush near the path. How, who was on horseback with his two sons, received a shot in the thigh, which brought him to the ground. The Indians, on seeing him fall, rushed up, and after piercing him with their spears, scalped him, and leaving him for dead, took his two sons prisoners. Gaffield was drowned in attempting to cross the river, but Grout fortunately escaped.

The families of the sufferers who were in the fort, had heard the firing but were ignorant of its cause. Anxiously awaiting the return of their companions, they heard in the dusk of evening a rapping at the gate, and the tread of feet without. Supposing by the signal which was given that they were to receive friends, they too hastily opened the gate, and to their surprise and anguish, admitted enemies. The three families, consisting of Mrs. Jemima How and her children, Mary and Submit Phips, William, Moses, Squire and Caleb How, and a babe six months old; Mrs. Submit Grout and her children, Hilkiah, Asa, and Martha, and Mrs. Gaffield with her daughter Eunice, fourteen in all, were made prisoners. After plundering and firing the place, the Indians proceeded about a mile and a half and encamped for the night in the woods. The next day they set out, with their prisoners for Crown Point, and after nine days travel reached Lake Champlain. Here the Indians took their canoes, and soon after, the whole party arrived at the place of destination. After remaining at Crown Point about a week, they proceeded down the lake to St. Johns, and ended their march at St. Francis on the river St. Lawrence. Mrs. How, after a series of adventures, was finally redeemed with three of her children, through the intervention of Col. Peter Schuyler, Major, afterwards Gen. Israel Putnam and other gentlemen, who had become interested for her welfare on account of the peculiarity of her sufferings and the patience with which she had borne them. Of the other children, the youngest died, another was given to Governor de Vaudreuil of Canada, and the two remaining ones, who were daughters, were placed in a convent in that province. One of these was afterwards carried to France, where she married a Frenchman named Cron Lewis, and the other was subsequently redeemed.

HISTORY OF EASTERN VERMONT
Mrs. How, who made a journey to Canada for the express purpose of procuring her release. Mrs. How afterwards be came the wife of Amos Tute, who was for several years one of the coroners of Cumberland county. She was buried in Vernon, and her tombstone epitomizes her varied life and exploits, in these words:
Mrs Jemima Tute
Successively Relict of Messrs William Phipps, Caleb Howe & Amos Tute The two first were killed by the Indians Phipps July 5th 1743 Howe June 29th 1755 When Howe was killed, she & her Children Then seven in number Were carried into Captivity The oldest a Daughter went to France And was married to a French Gentleman The youngest was torn from her Breast And perished with Hunger By the aid of some benevolent Gentn And her own personal Heroism She recovered the rest She had two by her last Husband Outlived both him & them And died March 7th 1805 aged 82 Having passed thro more vicissitudes And endured more hardships Than any of her cotemporaries *No more can Savage Foes annoy Nor aught her wide spread Fame Destroy*

ATTACK AT HINSDALE'S FORT
On the morning after the attack on Bridgman's Fort, a party of men found Caleb How still alive, but mortally wounded. He was conveyed to Hinsdale's Fort, on the opposite side of the river, where he soon after expired. He was buried about half a mile from the fort, in the middle of a large field, and a stone erected to his memory is still standing, inscribed with this record. At the close of three years' captivity, Mrs. Gaffield was ran somed and went to England. The fate of her daughter, Eunice, is uncertain. On the 9th of October, 1758, a petition, signed Zadok Hawks, was presented to the General Court of Massa chusetts, praying them to use their influence to obtain the release of Mrs. Grout, the petitioner's sister. At that time, she and her daughter were residing with the French near Montreal, and her two sons were with the Indians at St. Francis. It is probable that their release was not long delayed, as one of the sons a few years later was a resident of Cumberland county.

But this was not the last of the incursions of the enemy. On the 22d of July, at about nine o'clock in the morning, a party of Indians attacked four of the soldiers of Hinsdale's Fort, and three of the settlers residing there, as they were cutting poles for the purpose of picketing the garrison. At the time of the attack they were not more than a hundred rods distant from the fort. Four men were on guard, and three were on the team. They had drawn only one stick when the enemy fired upon them, and having got between them and the fort endeavored to keep them from reaching it. Of the soldiers, John Hardiclay* was killed and scalped on the spot. His body was terribly mangled, both breasts being cut off and the heart laid open. Jonathan Colby was captured, and the two others, Heath

*In the letter of Col. Ebenezer Hinsdell, this name is written Hardway. — N. H. Hist. Coll., v. 254

INSCRIPTION READS In Memory of Mr Caleb How a very Kind Companion who Was Killed by the Indeans June the 27th 1755. in the 32 year Of his age.
Burial: Middle of a field half mile from Fort Hinsdale
Windham County Vermont, USA

Notes:

Samuel was only eighteen years old when his father was taken captive. He returned to Massachusetts where he married Abigail Dudley in Sudbury, MA.

In 1752 he was one of the grantees of Westmoreland, NH, where he subsequently moved. He was quite wealthy in his day. He owned enough land to give each of his children a farm and still own his own homestead, described as having been a beautiful estate overlooking the Connecticut River.

Described as having been a man of sound judgement, his advice was sought by neighbors and townspeople. However, records seem to indicate that he was not interested in holding public office. On 13 March 1782 he was chosen as constable but refused to accept the position and was prosecuted and fined. Samuel is also described as being kind, benevolent and loveable. He was a good singer, who loved to sing and was always ready with a song. He was tall, broad-shouldered and had blue eyes. His wife, conversely, was small, dark and complexioned.

He served during the Revolutionary War, being one of the first to join the Continental troops gathering in Medford. He served under Captain Jacob hind in Col. James Reed's 3rd NH Regt. He was present at the battle of Bunker Hill.

Source: "Howe Genealogies: Genealogy of John Howe of Sudbury and Marlborough, MA" Revised & edited by Gillman B. Howe (MA: Records Publishing Co., 1926) Published by New England Genealogical Society, Vol.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: , , , USA

Abner married Mehitable Holton on 25 Dec 1753 in Northfield, Franklin, Massachusetts, USA. Mehitable (daughter of John Holton and Mehitable Alexander) was born on 24 Feb 1736 in Northfield, Franklin, Massachusetts, USA; died on 1 Mar 1799 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hannah married Ephraim Brown on 30 Jan 1775 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. Ephraim (son of Captain Aaron Brown and Rachel Reed) was born on 14 Jan 1750 in Leominster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; died on 28 Mar 1813 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Submit married Aaron Brown on 19 Feb 1777 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. Aaron (son of Captain Aaron Brown and Rachel Reed) was born on 20 Mar 1752 in Leominster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; was christened on 29 Mar 1752 in Leominster, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; died in 1797. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1800, Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA
• Residence: 1820, , Warren, New York, USA

Family/Spouse: Lydia Hutchinson. Lydia was born about 1763 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Excerpts from History of Trumbull and Mahoning Counties with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches, Vol II

Pg 386
EARLY SETTLERS
The spring and summer after Mr. Ferry's settlement a number of others came and began improving their farms, and a few brought their families during that year. In the spring of 1815 Willard Crowell, Israel Proctor, Samuel Eastman, and David Comstock came to this township from Vermont on foot.

Pg 387
Mayhew Crowell settled about a half a mile north of the center in 18 15. His wife, Mehitabel (Howe) Crowell, died September 20, 1817, being the first death in the township. Her daughter Harriet was the first child born in the township. The Crowell family included five sons and three daughters, who arrived at mature years. All are now dead. Their names were as follows: Willard, Obadiah, Henry, Thomas, Roswell, Mehitabel (Bellows), Mercy, and Mary (Butler). Charles Thayer settled in the northwest of the township about the year 1816. None of the family now remain in Bloomfield. One son, Hiram, resides in Bristol.

Pg 387-388
ORGANIZATI0N AND FIRST OFFICERS
This township was organized by a special act of the Legislature, and received its present name in 1816. The first township officers were chosen on the 9th of April, 181 7, at an election held at the house of Ephraim Brown and were as follows: Aaron Smith, chairman; Leman Ferry and Jared Green, judges of election; Cyril Green, township clerk; Jared Kimball, David Comstock, and Leman Ferry, trustees; Mayhew Crowell and Timothy Bigelow, overseers of the poor; Leman Ferry, Jr., and Lewis Clisby, fence viewers; Jared Green, Jr., and John Weed, appraisers of property; Jared Green, Jr., lister; Jared Kmiball, treasurer; Samuel Teed, constable; Mayhew Crowell and Leman Ferry, supervisors.

Pg 390-391
EARLY EVENTS
The first child born in this township was Harriet Crowell. The first male child was Charles Thayer. The first death was that of Mrs. Mehitabel Crowell, in 1817; the second, that of Mrs. Hannah Brown, April 28, 1818.

Pg 400
HENRY CROWELL
Henry Crowell was born in Grafton, Vermont, in the year 1802. His father, Mayhew Crowell, emigrated from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, residing in Grafton for a term of years and finally removed with his family to Bloomfield, Trumbull county, Ohio. His maternal relative, Mahitable Crowell, was the sister of Major Howe, formerly of Bloomfield, and cousin of Ephraim Brown, Esq., of the same township.

The subject of this biographical sketch removed with his parents from his Vermont home to Bloomfield in the year 1815. The journey as accomplished by means of ox teams and was necessarily slow and tedious, six weeks being consumed before they reached its termination, a distance which can now be overcome in less than twenty-four hours. For miles in many places they had to cut their way through dense forests, where the settler's axe had never before swung, bridging streams and camping out nights.

This journey proved no pleasure excursion. Few in these days of good roads and easy locomotion can appreciate the trials, privations, and suffering incident to pioneer life in those times when these little bands, severing the ties of old associations, poor in purse but strong in will, went forth in the early twilight of our Nation's history sowing the seeds of empire and breaking the way for future generations in the great West.

Arriving at Bloomfield, which at that time was a dense wilderness broken here and there only by small clearings, few and far between, his father located a tract of land, a portion of which he ultimately sold to his son Henry, who, with characteristic industry, proceeded to clear and prepare it for cultivation, erecting a dwelling thereon. In the year 1832 he was united in marriage with Miss Almena Saunders, the result of which union was five sons and two daughters; five of these seven children are still living.

In the year 1865 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Here he afterwards resided until his death, which occurred September 20, 1881, in the eightieth year of his age, he being the last member of a family of twelve. His temperate, orderly life, combined with habits of well regulated industry, prolonged his years far beyond the average span of existence.

He was a man of sterling integrity, most eminently just in all his dealings, never having a quarrel or case of litigation in the entire course of his life. So sweetly ordered were all his ways that in the beaten path of his daily walk and conversation he never made an enemy or lost a friend. Peaceful, quiet, and unostentatious; firmly grounded in his religious convictions, beneath a calm exterior flowed the tides of kindly thought and feeling with scarce a surface ripple, but strong, resistless, pure, and holy. He lived a noble example of the possibilities of a religious culture which rounds into symmetrical beauty the best types of an exalted Christian manhood.

Notes:

Thomas Howe, Ohio
A TWENTIETH CENTURY HISTORY Of TRUMBULL OHIO: A NARRATIVE ACCOUNT OF ITS HISTORICAL PROGRESS, ITS PEOPLE, AND ITS PRINCIPAL INTERESTS; BY HARRIET TAYLOR UPTON OF WARREN; VOL I; THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO, 1909

Peter Chardon Brooks, of Boston, was the owner of the land now known as Bloomfield. He sold it to Ephraim Brown of West Moreland, New Hampshire, and Thomas Howe of Williamstown, Vermont, in 1814. Brown and Howe were nephew and uncle. They had been in business together. Eventually, Howe sold out to Brown, reserving one thousand acres in the southern part of the township for himself.
...
An old story worth repeating is that of the dog, Argus, who accompanied the early settlers in 1815. The dog either became tired, dissatisfied or was stolen in New York state. When Mr. Howe was going through that place some months later, he saw the dog and claimed it. The landlord said he had raised him from a pup. Whereupon Mr. Howe ordered Argus into his cutter, told him to watch it, and then dared the landlord to take anything from the cutter. The dog stood guard and did not allow the landlord to come near him, and proceeded with his master.
...
Thomas Howe did not move his family to Bloomfield until 1817, his wife and five children coming with him. She was a woman of very benevolent nature. He was a member of the (p.416) Ohio legislature and he lived to be more than eighty. His children were identified more or less with Bloomfield, Dr. G.W. being one of the early teachers and later a doctor for forty-four years. He was surgeon for three years in the war of the Rebellion and his services were especially commended. He was twice elected to the Ohio legislature. William Howe did not spend much of his early life in Bloomfield. He was engaged in business in Pittsburg and the ore districts of Lake Superior. He was a clerk in the provost office in Warren during the rebellion. He married Melvina Flowers and had nine children.
...
When Ephraim Brown and Thomas Howe decided to come into New Connecticut, they expected to take up land near Cleveland, but the Cuyahoga River and the lakeshore seemed so dreary that they decided on Bloomfield. The family came in a chaise to Buffalo, then to Grand River in boats and by horseback to North Bloomfield.

Ephraim and Fayette Brown of North Bloomfield, Ohio
Elroy McKendree Avery, A History of Cleveland and Its Environs: The Heart of New Connecticut, Volume II, Biography (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1918).

[413-414]

Ephraim Brown. The life of Ephraim Brown is of interest to Cleveland people for several reasons. He was never a resident of the city, though he was one of the pioneer founders and owners of the great Ohio Western Reserve, and during the first half century of its development he was not only a big factor in its material life and business affairs, but exemplified in a remarkable degree that idealism, love of liberty, and harmony between the conscience and will which have been among the finest products and contributions of Northern Ohio to the American nation. His sketch should also be read as a means of better interpreting the forces and character possessed and exemplified by his son, the late Fayette Brown, one of Cleveland's most distinguished citizens.

Ephraim Brown was born at Westmoreland, New Hampshire, October 27, 1775. He was the oldest of the ten children of Ephraim and Hannah (Howe) Brown. In many ways the family was typical of New England middle class people of the eighteenth century. His father had a small farm and by occasional outside labor at some mechanical pursuits was able to afford comfortable support to his family. He was a man of great sturdiness of character, but one virtue he pushed to excess and by going security for a friend lost all his property. After that he never regained his economic position. Ephraim Brown's mother was a woman of deep religious feeling, and she imparted it to her son.

When the financial calamity came Ephraim Brown, as the oldest son, became the chief support of the family. While necessity forced upon him responsibilities beyond his years, it served to develop in him an indomitable perseverance and a self reliance which were ever afterwards among his chief characteristics. But hard labor did not prevent him from seeking and obtaining access to much of the best culture of his day. He read good books, though books and libraries were not widely distributed when he was a young man, and he constantly sought the society of people whose worth rested upon character rather than artificial standards. His developing character is illustrated by many of his early letters which have been preserved. As was the custom of the time such correspondence was largely concerned with moral, religious and political discussions. The letters are important because they show that Ephraim Brown had a certain fearlessness and sincerity of thought and a tendency to reject the conventional prejudices unless they were ratified by his own thinking. He also showed a readiness to be convinced of error in the face of superior argument.

Very early in life he conceived a bitter hatred of the system of slavery, and that was one of the actuating principles of his subsequent career. In a letter he wrote in 1807 to a Southern relative who had tried to persuade young Brown to come South and improve the superior facilities there for making money, Mr. Brown questioned the method by which wealth might be acquired so rapidly by "commerce in human flesh" and added, "I have been taught from my cradle to despise slavery, and will never forget to teach my children if any I should have the same lesson.'' Other sentiments in that letter thirty years later were expounded and used in the public utterances of William Lloyd Garrison and other distinguished abolitionists. Ephraim Brown possessed his mother's earnestness of inward thought and feeling, and whatever religious disposition he had was made a deep part of him rather than a conventional robe of thought and emotion. He was quick and ready at all times to denounce evil vigorously, and some of his more conservative friends felt that he was too radical on this score. Due largely to his love of freedom and his habits of independent thought, he never became closely associated with societies of any kind.

For a number of years he applied himself industriously to the task of earning a living for himself and those dependent upon him, and in 1803 he engaged in merchandising in Connecticut with Thomas K. Green of Putney, Vermont. Mr. Green had charge of the business at Putney, while young Brown managed the branch store at Westmoreland. He remained a merchant there until he moved out to Ohio in 1815. While in Connecticut he represented his town in the Legislature several times. Soon after entering upon his individual business career, on November 9,1806, he married Miss Mary Huntington. She was the oldest daughter of Gurdon and Temperance (Williams) Huntington, and was born at Windham, Connecticut, August 29, 1787. While still a child her father and mother moved to Walpole, New Hampshire. Mrs. Ephraim Brown came from a talented family, and she herself possessed many qualities of both heart and intellect. Before her marriage she taught school. Her ancestors had come from England in 1639 and settled in Connecticut, and one of the family was Governor Samuel Huntington of Ohio.

In 1814 Ephraim Brown formed a partnership with his uncle, Thomas Howe. From Peter C. Brooks of Boston they bought township 7, range 4, in the Western Reserve of Ohio. This township has since taken the name of Bloomfield. In 1815 Mr. Brown brought his family out to the new possession. The journey required six weeks, and they arrived at the new home on July 16th. Some preparations had already been made for their comfort and support, but then and for years afterward they were face to face with the hardships and privations of pioneering on the edge of the western wilderness. Mr. Brown later assumed the burden of the debt consequent upon the partnership, and in a few years had fully discharged it. In 1819 the Ashtabula & Trumbull Turnpike Company was formed and chartered under the laws of Ohio. Ephraim Brown took an active part in pushing this enterprise, in spite of the tremendous obstacles in its way, and as much as any other man credit was due him for its successful completion. For many years he exercised a ceaseless care for the interests of the company and the preservation of the road. Through his influence a postoffice was established at Bloomfield. Within seven years after the first settlement in Bloomfield daily four-horse mail coaches passed through the place on the way to the lake or south to the Ohio River. In consequence land advanced in value, and the better class of settlers acquired many of the comforts and improvements to which they had been accustomed in the older states. After coming to Ohio Ephraim Brown served several terms in the General Assembly. In his younger days he was a Jeffersonian republican, and from first to last was an avowed abolitionist. He believed implicitly in the complete separation of the church and state, and he therefore strenuously opposed the efforts of a prominent religious sect in 1822 to dominate politics. He was long known as Colonel Brown. He had served as captain of a company of militia in New Hampshire, and afterwards was made governor's aide with the rank of colonel. Ephraim Brown in his social relations was distinguished for his kindness, benevolence and hospitality, and in his business transactions by prudence, promptness and integrity. He was the type of character such as any state or community might prize and might hold up as an example to coming generations.

Ephraim Brown died April 17, 1845, in the seventieth year of his life. His wife survived until January 26,1862. Their nine children, all now deceased, were: Alexander; George W.; Mary, who became the wife of Col. Joseph K. Wing; Charles; Elizabeth; James Monroe; Marvin Huntington ; Fayette; Anne Frances.

[414-416]

Fayette Brown. One of the vital elements entering into the making of Cleveland as a city was the establishment many years ago of the iron industry at this point where land and water meet and combine to make Cleveland a great transportation and industrial center. It is important to remember that the iron industry would not have been created without the energies, the foresight and the patient wisdom of men. Of the men chiefly responsible for this factor of Cleveland's growth perhaps the greatest was Fayette Brown. Not that his life did not mean more than its results in the upbuilding of Cleveland's iron interests. He was a great business man from whatever point of view considered, and he was not less great as a citizen, whose judgment was always true, whose public spirit was unlimited, and who, when all things are considered, left as his best monument the City of Cleveland itself, which in the final analysis is only an expression of the energies and spirit of a notable group of citizens, among whom Fayette Brown was by no means the least.

He was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, December 17, 1823, and at the end of a long and useful life died at his home in Cleveland January 20, 1910. He was the eighth in a family of nine children. His parents were Ephraim and Mary (Huntington) Brown. Ephraim Brown was also a conspicuous character in his generation, and his name is the subject of a biography found on other pages of this publication.

Fayette Brown during his early youth had every incentive to develop his natural talents and abilities, and his father, realizing the value of an education, gave his children all the opportunities he could afford. Fayette Brown therefore attended the schools of Jefferson and Gambier, Ohio, but at the age of eighteen began an apprenticeship at business life as clerk in the wholesale dry goods establishment of his eldest brother at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was with that establishment as an employe until 1845, when the senior partner having retired he was admitted to the firm and for six years was one of its active managers.

Fayette Brown became a resident of Cleveland in 1851. Some months previously he had formed a partnership with the Hon. George Mygatt in the banking business. The firm of Mygatt & Brown, Bankers, is one best remembered in the history of banking in Cleveland. Mr. Mygatt retired in 1857 and Mr. Brown continued as a banker under his individual name until the outbreak of the Civil war. He closed his banking house and accepted an appointment from the president as a paymaster in the United States Army. His personal integrity and his experience as a banker gave him splendid qualifications for the heavy responsibilities of that work, but a year's illness and the demands of his private affairs compelled him to resign.

It was on his return to Cleveland that Mr. Brown became actively identified with the iron industry. As general agent and manager for the Jackson Iron Company he soon became known as one of the most capable iron masters of his day. He remained with the Jackson Iron Company until December, 1887. "While he possessed an exceptional general knowledge of business, Mr. Brown was not technically familiar with the iron industry when he took up his duties with the Jackson Iron Company. It was in keeping with his nature that he should embark enthusiastically upon this enterprise and should familiarize himself with every detail, practical and technical, connected with his work. His associates always envied his perseverance and his indomitable energy and resolution, and it was the impregnable resources of his personal character as much as anything else that accounted for the wonderful success of the Jackson Iron Company and which eventually fortified the iron industry in Cleveland beyond all danger of outside competition. While the operation of the business was exceedingly profitable to all concerned Mr. Brown from the first realized his responsibility to the city as well as to his stockholders, and the prosperity of the company was also the prosperity of the community. During the last half century the Middle West has developed no greater iron master than Fayette Brown.

Naturally he became identified with various kindred enterprises and was associated as a director or otherwise with some of Cleveland's best known business organizations. He was president of the Union Steel Screw Company, was chairman of the Stewart Iron Company, Limited, was president of the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company, of the National Chemical Company, the G. C. Kuhlman Car Company, and was a member of the firm H. H. Brown & Company, one of the large iron ore firms of the country. This company represented the Lake Superior Iron Company and the Champion Iron Company, handling the products of two of the largest iron mines in the Lake Superior region.

Mr. Brown was a member of the Union Club, the Golf and Country Clubs of Cleveland, the Castalia Club, the Winous Point Shooting Club, the Point Moullie Shooting Club, the West Huron Shooting Club, the Huron Mountain Shooting and Fishing Club, and the Munising Trout Club. To describe all the influences and activities of this notable Cleveland citizen would exceed the limits of this sketch, but something more should be said in a general way to give sharper definition to a sketch which will enable a later generation to picture this veteran iron master and citizen. His was a life from which nothing but good can follow, and a character that may well serve as an example for all that is highest and best in manhood and citizenship. While he attained a high degree of prosperity it was never gained at the cost of other men's success. He was also interested in everything for the good of Cleveland and the welfare of its people; was an advocate and practicer of healthy outdoor life, a keen sportsman, taking his vacations and recreation in shooting and fishing. He was an expert in all things pertaining to sportsmanship. Up to the age of eighty-five he spent many days in the duck marches belonging to the clubs of which he was a member and with as keen an interest and unerring an aim as he had always been noted for. He exemplified to a high degree that classic ideal of mens sana in corpore sano. When he worked it was with indefatigable energy. When he engaged in recreation he did so with as keen an appetite and vigor as when following his business affairs. He kept himself healthy in mind and body and spirit, and though he lived to be upwards of 87 years of age he never really retired and he came to the end of his life with scarcely a faculty diminished until the day of his final illness. At his funeral gathered notable men who had played important parts in making Cleveland the metropolis of Ohio, men who had been fellow workers with Fayette Brown, fellow builders of Cleveland, and they did honor to his memory as one of the greatest of them all and who had signally enriched and expanded his beloved city by his many enterprises.

On July 15, 1847, Fayette Brown married Miss Cornelia C. Curtiss of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Fayette Brown was born December 4, 1825, and died April 5, 1899. They were the parents of three sons and two daughters: Harvey Huntington Brown, whose part in Cleveland affairs is described elsewhere; Florence C. Brown, of Cleveland; Alexander E. Brown, a great inventor and manufacturer, who died at Cleveland April 26, 1911; William Fayette Brown, who died in 1891; and Mary L. Brown, of Cleveland.

http://www.hubbard.lib.oh.us/HPL_Pages/docs/PDF/CityHistory/BLOOMFIELD.pdf

In 1814 Ephraim Brown of West Moreland, New Hampshire, and his uncle, Thomas Howe of Williamstown, Vermont purchased from Peter Chardon Brooks of Boston a tract of land five miles square in the northern part of what is now Trumbull
County. Howe and Brown were boyhood playmates since they were about the same age. “It is said that the first business transaction between the two took place when the uncle
and the nephew were both less than ten years of age. Howe rented a setting hen of Brown for the season; and at the expiration of the time agreed upon, returned the hen with half of the chickens.” In 1815 Howe sold his share of the township to Brown reserving 1,000 acres in the southern part for himself. Thus Ephraim Brown had to assume the responsibility of developing the area. He hired S.E. Ensign of Mesopotamia to survey the land -- no easy task on account of the swamps. The township was divided into 170 lots, containing 50 acres to 100 acres each, and named West Moreland, probably because Brown had
originally lived in West Moreland, New Hampshire. Later the name was changed to Bloomfield.

Ephraim married Mary Buckingham Huntington on 9 Nov 1806 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. Mary (daughter of Gurdon Huntington and Temperance Williams) was born on 29 Aug 1787 in Windham, Windham, Connecticut, USA; died on 26 Jan 1862 in North Bloomfield, Trumbull, Ohio, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: , , , USA

Mehitable married Charles Carlton Thayer on 14 Aug 1803 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. Charles was born on 14 Aug 1782 in Orange, Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA; died on 23 Jan 1866 in Sheffield, Ashtabula, Ohio, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1850, Westminster, Windham, Vermont, USA

Dorcas married Jonathan Winchester on 1 Dec 1812 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. Jonathan (son of Jonathan Winchester and Eunice Smith) was born on 16 Feb 1787 in Westmoreland, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA; died on 11 Jul 1861 in Walpole, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1840, , Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1850, Shelby, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1860, Barre, Orleans, New York, USA

Luther married Anna Burke on 25 Mar 1813 in , , New Hampshire, USA. Anna was born on 28 Sep 1785 in Westminster, Windham, Vermont, USA; died on 1 Feb 1836 in , Orleans, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1850, China, Wyoming, New York, USA
• Residence: 1860, China, Wyoming, New York, USA

Hannah married Isaac Dennis on 17 Mar 1804 in Arcade, Wyoming, New York, USA. Isaac was born on 2 Jan 1782 in New Bedford, Bristol, Massachusetts, USA; died on 30 Mar 1864 in Arcade, Wyoming, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1840, , Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1850, Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA

Family/Spouse: Anna Brown. Anna was born about 1800. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1830, Cambria, Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1840, , Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1850, Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1860, Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1870, Ingersoll, Midland, Michigan, USA
• Residence: 1880, Ingersoll, Midland, Michigan, USA

George married Julia Stebbins on 29 Aug 1824 in , Monroe, New York, USA. Julia (daughter of Ashel Stebbins and Betsy Stebbins) was born on 16 Dec 1808 in , , Connecticut, USA; died on 6 Feb 1885 in Midland, Ingersoll, Michigan, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1850, Bloomfield, Trumbull, Ohio, USA
• Residence: 1870, Akron, Summit, Ohio, USA

Charles married Julia Ann King on 19 Feb 1842 in , Warren, Ohio, USA. Julia (daughter of Leicester King and Julia Ann Huntington) was born on 7 Nov 1817 in Warren, Trumbull, Ohio, USA; died on 8 Jan 1885 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga, Ohio, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ephraim and Fayette Brown of North Bloomfield, Ohio
Elroy McKendree Avery, A History of Cleveland and Its Environs: The Heart of New Connecticut, Volume II, Biography (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1918).

[413-414]

Ephraim Brown. The life of Ephraim Brown is of interest to Cleveland people for several reasons. He was never a resident of the city, though he was one of the pioneer founders and owners of the great Ohio Western Reserve, and during the first half century of its development he was not only a big factor in its material life and business affairs, but exemplified in a remarkable degree that idealism, love of liberty, and harmony between the conscience and will which have been among the finest products and contributions of Northern Ohio to the American nation. His sketch should also be read as a means of better interpreting the forces and character possessed and exemplified by his son, the late Fayette Brown, one of Cleveland's most distinguished citizens.

Ephraim Brown was born at Westmoreland, New Hampshire, October 27, 1775. He was the oldest of the ten children of Ephraim and Hannah (Howe) Brown. In many ways the family was typical of New England middle class people of the eighteenth century. His father had a small farm and by occasional outside labor at some mechanical pursuits was able to afford comfortable support to his family. He was a man of great sturdiness of character, but one virtue he pushed to excess and by going security for a friend lost all his property. After that he never regained his economic position. Ephraim Brown's mother was a woman of deep religious feeling, and she imparted it to her son.

When the financial calamity came Ephraim Brown, as the oldest son, became the chief support of the family. While necessity forced upon him responsibilities beyond his years, it served to develop in him an indomitable perseverance and a self reliance which were ever afterwards among his chief characteristics. But hard labor did not prevent him from seeking and obtaining access to much of the best culture of his day. He read good books, though books and libraries were not widely distributed when he was a young man, and he constantly sought the society of people whose worth rested upon character rather than artificial standards. His developing character is illustrated by many of his early letters which have been preserved. As was the custom of the time such correspondence was largely concerned with moral, religious and political discussions. The letters are important because they show that Ephraim Brown had a certain fearlessness and sincerity of thought and a tendency to reject the conventional prejudices unless they were ratified by his own thinking. He also showed a readiness to be convinced of error in the face of superior argument.

Very early in life he conceived a bitter hatred of the system of slavery, and that was one of the actuating principles of his subsequent career. In a letter he wrote in 1807 to a Southern relative who had tried to persuade young Brown to come South and improve the superior facilities there for making money, Mr. Brown questioned the method by which wealth might be acquired so rapidly by "commerce in human flesh" and added, "I have been taught from my cradle to despise slavery, and will never forget to teach my children if any I should have the same lesson.'' Other sentiments in that letter thirty years later were expounded and used in the public utterances of William Lloyd Garrison and other distinguished abolitionists. Ephraim Brown possessed his mother's earnestness of inward thought and feeling, and whatever religious disposition he had was made a deep part of him rather than a conventional robe of thought and emotion. He was quick and ready at all times to denounce evil vigorously, and some of his more conservative friends felt that he was too radical on this score. Due largely to his love of freedom and his habits of independent thought, he never became closely associated with societies of any kind.

For a number of years he applied himself industriously to the task of earning a living for himself and those dependent upon him, and in 1803 he engaged in merchandising in Connecticut with Thomas K. Green of Putney, Vermont. Mr. Green had charge of the business at Putney, while young Brown managed the branch store at Westmoreland. He remained a merchant there until he moved out to Ohio in 1815. While in Connecticut he represented his town in the Legislature several times. Soon after entering upon his individual business career, on November 9,1806, he married Miss Mary Huntington. She was the oldest daughter of Gurdon and Temperance (Williams) Huntington, and was born at Windham, Connecticut, August 29, 1787. While still a child her father and mother moved to Walpole, New Hampshire. Mrs. Ephraim Brown came from a talented family, and she herself possessed many qualities of both heart and intellect. Before her marriage she taught school. Her ancestors had come from England in 1639 and settled in Connecticut, and one of the family was Governor Samuel Huntington of Ohio.

In 1814 Ephraim Brown formed a partnership with his uncle, Thomas Howe. From Peter C. Brooks of Boston they bought township 7, range 4, in the Western Reserve of Ohio. This township has since taken the name of Bloomfield. In 1815 Mr. Brown brought his family out to the new possession. The journey required six weeks, and they arrived at the new home on July 16th. Some preparations had already been made for their comfort and support, but then and for years afterward they were face to face with the hardships and privations of pioneering on the edge of the western wilderness. Mr. Brown later assumed the burden of the debt consequent upon the partnership, and in a few years had fully discharged it. In 1819 the Ashtabula & Trumbull Turnpike Company was formed and chartered under the laws of Ohio. Ephraim Brown took an active part in pushing this enterprise, in spite of the tremendous obstacles in its way, and as much as any other man credit was due him for its successful completion. For many years he exercised a ceaseless care for the interests of the company and the preservation of the road. Through his influence a postoffice was established at Bloomfield. Within seven years after the first settlement in Bloomfield daily four-horse mail coaches passed through the place on the way to the lake or south to the Ohio River. In consequence land advanced in value, and the better class of settlers acquired many of the comforts and improvements to which they had been accustomed in the older states. After coming to Ohio Ephraim Brown served several terms in the General Assembly. In his younger days he was a Jeffersonian republican, and from first to last was an avowed abolitionist. He believed implicitly in the complete separation of the church and state, and he therefore strenuously opposed the efforts of a prominent religious sect in 1822 to dominate politics. He was long known as Colonel Brown. He had served as captain of a company of militia in New Hampshire, and afterwards was made governor's aide with the rank of colonel. Ephraim Brown in his social relations was distinguished for his kindness, benevolence and hospitality, and in his business transactions by prudence, promptness and integrity. He was the type of character such as any state or community might prize and might hold up as an example to coming generations.

Ephraim Brown died April 17, 1845, in the seventieth year of his life. His wife survived until January 26,1862. Their nine children, all now deceased, were: Alexander; George W.; Mary, who became the wife of Col. Joseph K. Wing; Charles; Elizabeth; James Monroe; Marvin Huntington ; Fayette; Anne Frances.

[414-416]

Fayette Brown. One of the vital elements entering into the making of Cleveland as a city was the establishment many years ago of the iron industry at this point where land and water meet and combine to make Cleveland a great transportation and industrial center. It is important to remember that the iron industry would not have been created without the energies, the foresight and the patient wisdom of men. Of the men chiefly responsible for this factor of Cleveland's growth perhaps the greatest was Fayette Brown. Not that his life did not mean more than its results in the upbuilding of Cleveland's iron interests. He was a great business man from whatever point of view considered, and he was not less great as a citizen, whose judgment was always true, whose public spirit was unlimited, and who, when all things are considered, left as his best monument the City of Cleveland itself, which in the final analysis is only an expression of the energies and spirit of a notable group of citizens, among whom Fayette Brown was by no means the least.

He was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, December 17, 1823, and at the end of a long and useful life died at his home in Cleveland January 20, 1910. He was the eighth in a family of nine children. His parents were Ephraim and Mary (Huntington) Brown. Ephraim Brown was also a conspicuous character in his generation, and his name is the subject of a biography found on other pages of this publication.

Fayette Brown during his early youth had every incentive to develop his natural talents and abilities, and his father, realizing the value of an education, gave his children all the opportunities he could afford. Fayette Brown therefore attended the schools of Jefferson and Gambier, Ohio, but at the age of eighteen began an apprenticeship at business life as clerk in the wholesale dry goods establishment of his eldest brother at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was with that establishment as an employe until 1845, when the senior partner having retired he was admitted to the firm and for six years was one of its active managers.

Fayette Brown became a resident of Cleveland in 1851. Some months previously he had formed a partnership with the Hon. George Mygatt in the banking business. The firm of Mygatt & Brown, Bankers, is one best remembered in the history of banking in Cleveland. Mr. Mygatt retired in 1857 and Mr. Brown continued as a banker under his individual name until the outbreak of the Civil war. He closed his banking house and accepted an appointment from the president as a paymaster in the United States Army. His personal integrity and his experience as a banker gave him splendid qualifications for the heavy responsibilities of that work, but a year's illness and the demands of his private affairs compelled him to resign.

It was on his return to Cleveland that Mr. Brown became actively identified with the iron industry. As general agent and manager for the Jackson Iron Company he soon became known as one of the most capable iron masters of his day. He remained with the Jackson Iron Company until December, 1887. "While he possessed an exceptional general knowledge of business, Mr. Brown was not technically familiar with the iron industry when he took up his duties with the Jackson Iron Company. It was in keeping with his nature that he should embark enthusiastically upon this enterprise and should familiarize himself with every detail, practical and technical, connected with his work. His associates always envied his perseverance and his indomitable energy and resolution, and it was the impregnable resources of his personal character as much as anything else that accounted for the wonderful success of the Jackson Iron Company and which eventually fortified the iron industry in Cleveland beyond all danger of outside competition. While the operation of the business was exceedingly profitable to all concerned Mr. Brown from the first realized his responsibility to the city as well as to his stockholders, and the prosperity of the company was also the prosperity of the community. During the last half century the Middle West has developed no greater iron master than Fayette Brown.

Naturally he became identified with various kindred enterprises and was associated as a director or otherwise with some of Cleveland's best known business organizations. He was president of the Union Steel Screw Company, was chairman of the Stewart Iron Company, Limited, was president of the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company, of the National Chemical Company, the G. C. Kuhlman Car Company, and was a member of the firm H. H. Brown & Company, one of the large iron ore firms of the country. This company represented the Lake Superior Iron Company and the Champion Iron Company, handling the products of two of the largest iron mines in the Lake Superior region.

Mr. Brown was a member of the Union Club, the Golf and Country Clubs of Cleveland, the Castalia Club, the Winous Point Shooting Club, the Point Moullie Shooting Club, the West Huron Shooting Club, the Huron Mountain Shooting and Fishing Club, and the Munising Trout Club. To describe all the influences and activities of this notable Cleveland citizen would exceed the limits of this sketch, but something more should be said in a general way to give sharper definition to a sketch which will enable a later generation to picture this veteran iron master and citizen. His was a life from which nothing but good can follow, and a character that may well serve as an example for all that is highest and best in manhood and citizenship. While he attained a high degree of prosperity it was never gained at the cost of other men's success. He was also interested in everything for the good of Cleveland and the welfare of its people; was an advocate and practicer of healthy outdoor life, a keen sportsman, taking his vacations and recreation in shooting and fishing. He was an expert in all things pertaining to sportsmanship. Up to the age of eighty-five he spent many days in the duck marches belonging to the clubs of which he was a member and with as keen an interest and unerring an aim as he had always been noted for. He exemplified to a high degree that classic ideal of mens sana in corpore sano. When he worked it was with indefatigable energy. When he engaged in recreation he did so with as keen an appetite and vigor as when following his business affairs. He kept himself healthy in mind and body and spirit, and though he lived to be upwards of 87 years of age he never really retired and he came to the end of his life with scarcely a faculty diminished until the day of his final illness. At his funeral gathered notable men who had played important parts in making Cleveland the metropolis of Ohio, men who had been fellow workers with Fayette Brown, fellow builders of Cleveland, and they did honor to his memory as one of the greatest of them all and who had signally enriched and expanded his beloved city by his many enterprises.

On July 15, 1847, Fayette Brown married Miss Cornelia C. Curtiss of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Fayette Brown was born December 4, 1825, and died April 5, 1899. They were the parents of three sons and two daughters: Harvey Huntington Brown, whose part in Cleveland affairs is described elsewhere; Florence C. Brown, of Cleveland; Alexander E. Brown, a great inventor and manufacturer, who died at Cleveland April 26, 1911; William Fayette Brown, who died in 1891; and Mary L. Brown, of Cleveland.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: , , , USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1850, Claremont, Sullivan, New Hampshire, USA
• Residence: 1860, Claremont, Sullivan, New Hampshire, USA
• Residence: 1870, Lima, Livingston, New York, USA
• Residence: 1880, Lima, Livingston, New York, USA

Jonathan married Fannie Brewster Wetherell on 14 Mar 1838 in Swanzey, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA. Fannie was born on 1 Aug 1813 in Swanzey, Cheshire, New Hampshire, USA; died on 9 Feb 1894 in Corning, Steuben, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Soloman C Winchester
• Residence: , , , USA
• Residence: 13 Oct 1850, White Plains, Westchester, New York, USA

Salmon married Verona D Mann on 17 Sep 1850 in Milford, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. Verona was born in 1831 in Upton, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1837, , Saint Clair, Illinois, USA
• Residence: 1870, , Saint Clair, Illinois, USA
• Residence: 1880, Lebanon, Saint Clair, Illinois, USA

Family/Spouse: Carrie Brown. Carrie was born about 1830 in , , New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1850, Shelby, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1860, Barre, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1870, Gaines, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1880, Gaines, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1892, , Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1910, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA

Mary married Clark Leonard on 23 Apr 1844. Clark (son of Daniel Leonard and Sally Mann) was born on 30 May 1821 in Dover, Windham, Vermont, USA; died on 23 Apr 1898 in Barre, Orleans, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1860, Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1861, Lockport, Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1870, Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1880, Ingersoll, Midland, Michigan, USA

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Lewis. Elizabeth was born on 18 Aug 1828 in Royalton, Niagara, New York, USA; died on 29 Mar 1900 in Ingersoll, Midland, Michigan, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: , , Michigan, USA
• Residence: 1870, Richland, Saginaw, Michigan, USA
• Residence: 1880, Richland, Saginaw, Michigan, USA
• Residence: 1900, Richland, Saginaw, Michigan, USA

Julia married Joseph Lewis in 1849 in Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA. Joseph (son of Oliver Lewis and Lucy Avery) was born on 25 Dec 1825 in Royalton, Niagara, New York, USA; died on 28 Apr 1906 in Richland, Saginaw, Michigan, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA
• Residence: 1850, Newfane, Niagara, New York, USA

Asahel married Janet Evans on 11 May 1854 in , Niagara, New York, USA. Janet (daughter of Lewis Evans and Anna Hoyt) was born on 25 Sep 1835 in Ridgeway, Orleans, New York, USA; died on 5 Dec 1911 in Thomas Township, Saginaw, Michigan, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Ingersoll, Midland, Michigan, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1870, Akron, Summit, Ohio, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Lima, Livingston, New York, USA

Sarah married Benjamin Franklin Cary in 1874. Benjamin was born about 1833 in , , New York, USA; died in 1898 in Lima, Livingston, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1850, Claremont, Sullivan, New Hampshire, USA
• Residence: 1860, Claremont, Sullivan, New Hampshire, USA
• Residence: 1900, Wellsville, Allegany, New York, USA

Charles married Mary Pengra on 22 Jul 1868 in Meadville, Crawford, Pennsylvania, USA. Mary was born in 1844 in Enfield, Tompkins, New York, USA; died in 1908 in Buffalo, Erie, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Ella Jones on 6 Apr 1910 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Ella was born in 1856 in New York, Kings, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Elkland, Tioga, Pennsylvania, USA
• Residence: 1900, Buffalo, Erie, New York, USA
• Residence: 1910, Buffalo, Erie, New York, USA
• Residence: 1920, Deerfield, Tioga, Pennsylvania, USA
• Residence: 1930, Deerfield, Tioga, Pennsylvania, USA

Family/Spouse: Ellen Taylor. Ellen (daughter of Winslow Taylor and Mary) was born in Oct 1857 in , , Pennsylvania, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eugene married Ella Jones in 1873. Ella was born in 1856 in New York, Kings, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Lebanon, Saint Clair, Illinois, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Lebanon, Saint Clair, Illinois, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Lebanon, Saint Clair, Illinois, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1850, Shelby, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1860, Barre, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1880, Kearney, Buffalo, Nebraska, USA
• Residence: 1900, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1910, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1920, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA

Clara married Henry S Harding in 1870. Henry was born on 29 Oct 1847 in Barre, Orleans, New York, USA; died on 1 Jul 1909 in Barre, Orleans, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1917, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Elkland, Tioga, Pennsylvania, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Elkland, Tioga, Pennsylvania, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Kearney, Buffalo, Nebraska, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Kearney, Buffalo, Nebraska, USA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1880, Kearney, Buffalo, Nebraska, USA
• Residence: 1900, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1910, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1 Jun 1915, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1920, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA
• Residence: 1930, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA

Family/Spouse: Burt Arona Griswold. Burt (son of Linus Enrico Griswold and Elizabeth Courtney) was born on 21 Mar 1876 in Barre, Orleans, New York, USA; died on 13 Jan 1956 in Barre, Orleans, New York, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: 1900, Albion, Orleans, New York, USA